不同水汽压差对番茄气体交换参数和生长的影响及综合评价  

Effects of Different Vapor Pressure Deficits on Gas Exchange Parameters and Growth of Tomatoes and Comprehensive Evaluation

作　　者：杜清洁 宋小明[1] 柏萍 焦晓聪 丁崌平 张嘉宇 李建明[1] 丁明[1] DU Qingjie;SONG Xiaoming;BAI Ping;JIAO Xiaocong;DING Juping;ZHANG Jiayu;LI Jianming;DING Ming(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2020年第1期66-74,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划(2018TSCL-NY-05-03);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-23-C05)~~

摘　　要：水汽压差(VPD)表征了大气水分亏缺的程度。为探讨番茄对高VPD的适应机制,并筛选出适宜高VPD环境条件下栽培的番茄品种,试验以6个番茄品种为材料,利用人工气候室,设置2个VPD处理:昼1.48 kPa/夜0.47 kPa(低VPD处理)和昼2.55 kPa/夜0.47 kPa(高VPD处理),研究不同VPD处理下番茄气孔特征、气体交换参数和生长的响应变化。结果表明:与低VPD处理相比,在高VPD处理下,‘中杂9号’、‘中杂105’的总干质量以及‘番茄06-2’和‘合作903’的壮苗指数显著降低,‘东亚粉冠’和‘金棚朝冠’的总干质量和壮苗指数变化不显著。高VPD处理下,‘中杂9号’‘中杂105’‘合作903’的光合速率和气孔导度显著的下降,而蒸腾速率变化不显著;相反,‘东亚粉冠’和‘金棚朝冠’的蒸腾速率显著升高,而光合速率和气孔导度变化不明显;6个番茄品种水分利用效率降低均达显著水平。此外,高VPD处理下6个番茄品种的气孔密度、指数、长度、宽度和开度均有不同程度的下降。相关性分析表明,气孔特征与气孔导度、光合速率和生长指标间呈正相关关系,而与气孔限制值呈负相关关系。最后,通过综合评价认为‘金鹏朝冠’和‘东亚粉冠’为适宜高VPD环境条件下栽培的品种。总之,气孔在植株对高VPD的响应中发挥了重要作用,是导致不同番茄品种对高VPD响应差异的关键。Vapor pressure deficit(VPD)characterizes the extent of atmospheric water deficit.To investigate the adaptive mechanism of tomato to change in VPD and select suitable cultivars for cultivation under high VPD,6 tomato cultivars was grown under 1.48 kPa/0.47 kPa,day/night(low VPD treatment)and 2.55 kPa/0.47 kPa,day/night(high VPD treatment).Stomatal traits,gas exchange and growth were studied.The results showed that the total dry mass of‘Zhongza 9’and‘Zhongza 105’,and seedling index of‘Fanqie 06-2’and‘Hezuo 903’was significantly decreased,but total dry mass and seedling index did not change significantly in‘Dongyafenguan’and‘Jinpengchaoguan’under high VPD.Under high VPD,photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of‘Zhongza 9’‘Zhongza 105’and‘Hezuo 903’decreased significantly but transpiration rate was not affected by VPD.In contrast,transpiration rate of‘Dongyafenguan’and‘Jinpengchaoguan’increased significantly while photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were not affected by VPD.The water use efficiency of all tomato cultivars significantly decreased under high VPD.In addition,stomatal density,stomatal index,stomatal length,stomatal width and stomatal aperture of all tomato cultivars decreased under high VPD compared with low VPD.Correlation analysis showed that stomatal traits and stomatal conductance,photosynthetic rate and growth were positive correlation,but stomatal traits and stomatal limiting value were negative correlation.Comprehensive assessment showed that‘Jinpengchaoguan’and‘Dongyafenguan’were suitably grown under high VPD.In conclusion,the different response of gas exchange parameters and growth among 6 tomato cultivars are mediated by stomata.Stomata plays an very important role in adaptive mechanism of tomato to high VPD.The results provide a theoretical basis for the optimal management of greenhouse environment and the selection of tomato varieties for protected cultivation.

关 键 词：番茄 VPD 气孔 气体交换参数 生长 综合评价 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]