新型氮肥对膜下滴灌玉米产量、氮素吸收及利用率的影响  

Effects of New-Type Urea On Yield,Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Drip Irrigated Maize under Plastic Film Mulching

作　　者：李源[1] 张炎[1,2] 哈丽哈什·依巴提 张梦婕[1] 李青军 LI Yuan;ZHANG Yan;Haliha Yibati;ZHANG Mengjie;LI Qingjun(Research Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,XiXinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第1期12-19,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部植物营养与肥料学科群开放基金(APF2015035)~~

摘　　要：【目的】比较不同新型尿素在膜下滴灌玉米上的肥效差异,筛选最佳的新型尿素类型。【方法】设置7个处理:不施氮肥、常规尿素、聚能网尿素、腐殖酸尿素、含锌尿素、控失尿素和常规尿素加锌。各处理施用等量氮磷钾,控失尿素全部基施,其他处理尿素30%作基肥,70%后期随水滴施,磷钾肥全部基施。在成熟期测定其生物量、产量和氮肥吸收利用率和土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮含量。【结果】与普通尿素相比,新型尿素处理后玉米产量增加6.32%~9.62%,地上部干物质量增加5.62%~13.43%,差异显著。其中控失尿素增产效果最为明显,比普通尿素增加13.43%;与普通尿素相比,新型尿素处理后氮肥利用提高3.26%~8.28%,控失尿素氮肥利用率最高;新型肥料均有利于提高0~40 cm土壤铵态氮和硝态氮累积,其中控失尿素处理后效果最好。【结论】施用控失尿素,棉花产量提高9.62%,地上干物质量提高13.43%,氮肥利用率提高8.28%,应用效果最好。【Objective】To compare the difference of the efficiencies of different new urea in the drip irrigated maize under plastic film mulching in the hope of selecting the best new urea type.【Method】One-year field trials were conducted with seven treatments including no N fertilizer,common urea,polyaspartic acid urea,humic acid urea,zinc urea,loss-controlled urea,common urea add Zn.Each treatment applied the same amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.Loss-controlled urea was all applied as the base fertilizer before transplanting.30%of urea was used as base fertilizer in other treatments,and 70%was applied with drip irrigation.All P,K,Zn fertilizers were applied as base fertilizer before transplanting.The cotton biomass,yield,N uptake and N utilization were measured in the mature period.【Result】Compared with the common urea,the yields of new-type urea increased by 6.32%-9.62%,and dry matter of the ground increased by 5.62%-13.43%,showing a significant difference.Among them,the loss-controlled urea significantly increased the yield of maize by 13.43%.Compared with the common urea,application of the new type urea also increased N average utilization rates by 3.26%-8.28%.The nitrogen fertilizer efficiency of loss-controlled urea is the highest.The result also indicated that the accumulations of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the 0-40 cm soil layer were increased by applying new type urea.【Conclusion】Therefore,The Loss controlled urea in the xin lian xin new type urea is the most effective way,The yield increased by 9.62%,the dry matter increased by 13.43%,and the utilization rate of fertilizer increased by 8.28%.to improve the utilization rate and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in maize in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：玉米 新型氮肥 氮素吸收 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]