九段沙湿地大型底栖动物分布特征及其影响因子  

Distribution characteristics of the benthic macroinvertebrates and corresponding influencing factors in Jiuduansha shoals

作　　者：赵成建 童春富[1,2] Zhao Chengjian;Tong Chunfu(State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;Institute of Eco-Chongming,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062 [2]崇明生态研究院,上海200062

出　　处：《海洋学报》2020年第2期65-74,共10页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41761144062)

摘　　要：大型底栖动物是盐沼湿地中最重要的生物类群之一。本文以长江口九段沙湿地为研究区域,于2016年10月在江亚南沙、上沙和下沙的不同区域沿高程梯度设置固定采样站点,对大型底栖动物、沉积物和植物进行取样调研,分析研究了大型底栖动物的分布特征及其影响因子。结果表明:(1)大型底栖动物沿高程梯度的分布具有一定规律性:低潮带环节动物的多度和生物量均最高,中潮带软体动物的物种数最多,高潮带甲壳动物的多度和生物量均最高;(2)不同区域由于环境条件的差异,大型底栖动物沿高程梯度的分布特征也有明显差异;(3)对大型底栖动物分布特征有显著影响的生境因子主要包括沉积物中值粒径、氧化还原电位和植株密度等,不同区域、不同生境中对大型底栖动物的分布特征有显著影响的生境因子也有一定差异;(4)互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)的入侵改变了生境条件,进而对大型底栖动物的分布特征产生影响。在今后的研究中,要充分考虑不同区域、不同高程之间环境条件的差异,进一步探讨盐沼湿地大型底栖动物的分布特征及影响因子的综合作用。The benthic macroinvertebrate is one of the most important biological groups in salt marsh ecosystem.The Jiuduansha shoals of the Changjiang Estuary were selected as the study areas, and fixed sampling sites were set along the elevation gradient in the different areas, and the benthic macroinvertebrates, sediments and plants were sampled for the analysis on the distribution characteristics of the benthic macroinvertebrates and corresponding influencing factors. The results showed that:(1) The distribution of the benthic macroinvertebrates along elevation gradient has certain regularity: The abundance and biomass of annelids in the low tidal zone appeared to be the highest, the species number of mollusks in the middle tidal zone was the highest, and the abundance and biomass of crustaceans in the high tidal zone were the highest.(2) Due to the differences of environmental conditions, the distribution characteristics of the benthic macroinvertebrates along the elevation gradient were also significantly different among the different areas.(3) Habitat factors that have significant effects on the distribution characteristics of the benthic macroinvertebrates included the median grain size, the redox potential of sediments, the density of plants, etc, and there were some differences among the different areas and habitats.(4) The invasion of Spartina alterniflora changed the habitat conditions and thus affected the distribution characteristics of the benthic macroinvertebrates. In future studies, we should fully consider the differences of environmental conditions between the different areas and elevations to explore the distribution characteristics of the benthic macroinvertebrates and the comprehensive effects of the influencing factors.

关 键 词：盐沼湿地 大型底栖动物 高程 分布特征 影响因子 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]