农村公共文化服务供需失衡背后的体制溯源——以文化惠民工程为中心的调查  

The Institutional Explanation of the Imbalance of Supply and Demand of Rural Public Cultural Services ——An Investigation Centered on Cultural Benefits Project

作　　者：傅才武[1] 刘倩[1] Fu Caiwu;Liu Qian(National Institute of Cultural Development,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国家文化发展研究院

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第1期47-59,共13页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“乡村振兴战略中的文化建设研究”(18ZD24)

摘　　要：公共文化服务供需失衡所导致的公共投入绩效问题一直是制约我国农村文化发展的痼疾。武汉大学国家文化发展研究院课题组在全国21省282个行政村对基层"文化惠民工程"的调查发现,基层文化惠民工程在促进农村文化普及和居民基本文化权利保障过程中发挥了积极的作用,对推进农村文化建设和缓解城市化过程中的城乡差别也取得了一定的发展成效,但随着社会的高级化进程和居民消费结构的变化,也显现出明显的供给低效和供需错位,文化惠民工程作为一种政策模式出现了体制改革的结构性滞后。究其根源,以文化动员为基础的文化行业体制凭借其单向性和格式化的安排,实行标准化配置供给的模式,业已不适应由数字信息技术培育起来的个性化、多样化、分散化的居民文化需求。根据斯科特关于导致国家项目失败的四要素理论来看,文化惠民工程是政府主导的一种自上而下的"极端简单化设计",作为文化行业体制的功能结构,在计划体制时期还能够借助于权威政府的科层结构和强力行政安排发挥其基层文化动员的作用,但随着市场经济的发展,市场不断赋予居民的消费选择权,国家主导的格式化供给模式会导致结构性失效,当前文化惠民工程进入到全面改革的关口。The problem of public input performance caused by the imbalance of supply and demand of public cultural services has always been a key constraint that restricts the development of rural culture in China. The research group of the National Institute of Cultural Development in Wuhan University surveyed the primary "Cultural Benefits Project" in the 282 administrative villages of 21 provinces and found that the primary Cultural Benefits Project has played a role in promoting the popularization of rural culture and the protection of the basic cultural rights of residents. The positive role has also achieved in promoting the rural cultural construction and reducing the urban-rural differences in the process of urbanization. However, with the advancement of society and the changes in the consumption structure of residents, it has also shown obvious supply inefficiency and the mismatch between supply and demand, the Cultural Benefits Project as a policy model has emerged as a structural lag in institutional reform. The fundamental reason is the cultural industry system implements a standardized allocation supply model through one-way and formatted arrangements, while this model no longer adapts to the personalized, diversified and decentralized cultural needs of residents in the digital information technology. According to Scott’s four-element theory that led to the failure of national projects, the Cultural Benefits Project is a top-down "extremely simplistic design" led by the government. As a functional structure of the cultural industry system, the project can also play its role in primary cultural mobilization by means of bureaucratic structure and strong administrative arrangements of authoritative government during the planning system period. However, with the development of the market economy, the market continues to give residents the right to consume, and the state-led formatted supply model will lead to structural failure. Therefore, the current Cultural Benefits Project has entered the threshold of compreh

关 键 词：农村公共文化服务 文化惠民工程 供需失衡 文化体制 供给侧改革 

分 类 号：G249.2[文化科学]