跑步健身中的身体管理与理性化——一项基于马拉松跑者的质性考察  

Body Management and Rationalization in Running Fitness:A Qualitative Study Based on Marathon Runners

作　　者：王健[1,2] WANG Jian(Nanjing University,School of Social and Behavioral Sciences,Nanjing 210023,China;Changzhou Institute of Technology,Center of Mental Health,Changzhou 213032,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院 [2]常州工学院心理中心

出　　处：《体育科学》2019年第12期34-42,共9页China Sport Science

摘　　要：近年来,作为当代城市居民广泛参与的一种体育健身项目,马拉松长跑包含着身体管理、消费文化以及理性化娱乐的特征。通过对作为一种健身生活方式的马拉松产生背景与相关研究的梳理,结合福柯的身体规训理论、鲍德里亚的消费社会理论以及瑞泽尔的社会“麦当劳化”的观点,采用质化研究中的序贯访谈法对马拉松跑者进行半结构化的深度访谈。根据访谈资料得出:当代城市马拉松已经成为跑者重塑生物的身体、管理符号的身体、践行消费的身体以及建构自我认同的身体的途径;同时,相对于其他健身运动,借助于不断发展的移动科技、智能装备,社会“麦当劳化”诸原则逐渐支配了马拉松运动越来越多的层面和领域,马拉松长跑表现出高效率、可计算、可预测和可控制4种运动特征。跑步健身已经成为当代中国城市居民尤其是中产跑者生活的一部分。In recent years,as a sport fitness project widely participated by contemporary urban residents,marathon contains the characteristics of body management,consumer culture and rational entertainment.By reviewing the background and related researches of Marathon as a fitness lifestyle,combining Foucault's theory of body discipline,Baudrillard’s theory of consumer society and Ritzer’s view of the McDonaldization of society,using sequential interview in qualitative research,a semi-structured indepth interview was conducted among marathoners.According to the interview data,it is concluded that the contemporary urban marathon has become a way for runners to reshape biological body,manage symbolic body,practice consumptive body and construct self-identifying body.At the same time,compared with other fitness exercises,with the help of mobile technology and intelligent equipment,the principles of the McDonaldization of society gradually dominate the marathon more and more aspects and fields,marathon shows four characteristics:high efficiency,calculable,predictable and controllable.Running fitness has become a part of the life of contemporary Chinese urban residents,especially middle-class runners.

关 键 词：身体 健身 马拉松 消费 认同 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]