无罪之罪与伦理责任：阿瑟·米勒大屠杀戏剧中“同谋者”形象的伦理解读  

Crimeless Guilt and Ethical Responsibility:An Ethical Interpretation of the “Conspirators’ Image” in Arthur Miller’s Holocaust-Themed Plays

作　　者：罗钱军 赵永健[2] Luo Qianjun;Zhao Yongjian(International College of Chinese Studies,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;School of Foreign Languages,Zhejiang Gongshang University)

机构地区：[1]浙江越秀外国语学院, 200234 [2]浙江工商大学外国语学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2019年第6期60-69,共10页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“英美后9/11戏剧的政治书写研究”(19NDJC195YB)~~

摘　　要：与许多犹太作家不同,美国戏剧巨擘阿瑟·米勒在其大屠杀戏剧中并没有刻意凸显纳粹的罪恶,而是集中笔力书写置身其中或置身其外的犹太人的反应和行动,创造出一种"同谋者"的人物范式。米勒戏剧中的"同谋者"通常以受害者或旁观者的面目出现,均是普通意义上的"无罪之人"。但在米勒看来,受害者的软弱和旁观者的冷漠均是姑息暴行的"同谋之恶",是"无罪之罪";伦理身份的迷失必然导致对道德规范的无所适从,进而是普遍伦理责任的缺失,最终导致对恶行的旁观。通过对"同谋者"参与作恶而不自知的"同谋情境"的构建和呈现,作者揭示了"同谋罪"的普遍性、隐蔽性和深刻性,鼓励世人勇于承担伦理责任,积极行动起来,反抗世间的各种恶行,以获得真正意义上的救赎。Unlike many other Jewish writers, Arthur Miller, a great master in American drama, does not intently highlight Nazi evils in his Holocaust-themed plays. Instead, he focuses on depicting the actions and reactions of Jewish figures either involved in the Holocaust or not, thus creating a paradigm of "conspirators". The conspirators in Miller’s plays usually appear as victims or bystanders, who are, in a general sense, "crimeless people". But in Miller’s view, the recreance of the victims and the apathy of the bystanders may still be defined as the "evil of conspiracy" or the "crimeless guilt" that condones atrocities. Meanwhile, the confusion about one’s own ethical identity will inevitably lead to the bewilderment about the code of morality, which in turn leads to the lack of universal ethical responsibility, thus ultimately leading to nonfeasance while beholding evil deeds. Through the construction and presentation of the "conspiracy situation" in which the "conspirator" participates,unconsciously,in evil doings, Miller reveals the universality, invisibility and profundity of the "evil of conspiracy", encouraging the people of the world to take on their ethical responsibility and act conscientiously in their resistance against various evils for real redemption.

关 键 词：阿瑟·米勒 大屠杀戏剧 同谋者 无罪之罪 伦理责任 伦理身份 

分 类 号：I712.073[文学—其他各国文学]