当代西方“虚构的悖论”的三种解决途径  

Three Solutions to the “Paradox of Fiction” in the West Today

作　　者：章辉[1] Zhang Hui(Culture Industry,Three Gorges Universit,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学影视文化与产业发展研究中心

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2019年第6期157-170,共14页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“英国当代美学发展史研究”(11CZX074)~~

摘　　要："虚构的悖论"关系到三个相互冲突但似乎都可信的观点:一、读者或观众常常经历了诸如恐惧、同情、向往、羡慕等指向他们知道是虚构的事件或人物的情感;二、经历诸如恐惧、同情、向往等情感的必要条件,是那些经历了这些情感的人相信他们情感的客体是存在着的;三、面对虚构的读者或观众不相信这些客体是存在着的。"虚构的悖论"关系到三个问题,西方学界提出了多种方案解答这些问题:一、概念问题。在欣赏虚构的时候,缺乏虚构之物存在的信念,我们的生理心理症状是否是真正的情感。二、原因问题。当我们欣赏虚构的时候,这些症状是如何出现的。三、性质问题。在欣赏虚构的时候,我们的反应是否是非理性的行为。虚构的情感反应,关系到对传统情感认知理论的反思、我们对虚构之物的反应的界定、现实情感与虚构情感的异同等问题。从当代西方学界歧义纷纭的思路看,在反思传统情感理论的基础上,对我们的情感、信念、认知、非理性等重新界定并达成共识,是深入探索这一悖论的基础。The "paradox of fiction" relates to three conflicting but plausible ideas: first, readers or viewers often experience emotions, such as fear, sympathy, longing, and admiration about a certain event or character they know to be fictional;second, the necessary condition for experiencing these emotions entails a belief by these people that the object of their emotions actually exists;third, fictional readers or audiences do not believe that these objects exist. The "paradox of fiction" involves three questions, to which Western scholars have adopted different approaches.(1) The question about concept: when we appreciate fiction, do we believe that fictional things exist, or are we sure our physiological and psychological symptoms are really emotional?(2) The question about cause: how do these symptoms appear when we appreciate fiction?(3) The question about nature: when people appreciate fiction, is our reaction an irrational behavior? Fictional emotional response is related to the reflection of traditional emotional cognitive theory, the definition of our response to fictional things, the similarities and differences between real and fictional emotions. Judging from the different ideas in the contemporary Western academic circle, the author believes that in order to explore this paradox, we ought to reconsider the traditional theory of emotions first, and then redefine and seek a consensus on our emotion, belief, cognition, and irrationality.

关 键 词：“虚构的悖论” 类情感 震惊 合理性 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]