流域非点源污染关键影响因素识别分析  

Identification and Analysis of Key Influence Factors of Nonpoint Source Pollution in River Basins

作　　者：阿迪力·吐拉尔别克 李森[4] 程艳 Adili·TULAERBIEK;LI Sen;CHENG Yan(Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection Science,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011;Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Risk Waming,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011;Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Cleaner Production,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830011;Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Investigation and Design,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆环境保护科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆环境污染控制与风险预警重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]新疆清洁生产工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [4]新疆水利水电勘测设计研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐,830000

出　　处：《新疆环境保护》2019年第4期6-11,共6页Environmental Protection of Xinjiang

摘　　要：了解和掌握影响流域非点源污染的关键因素及影响途径,是科学识别和估算非点源污染负荷,合理制定和实施流域非点源污染控制措施的基础.非点源污染主要来源于流域内土壤中富集的氮、磷物质或者地表残留物,上述污染源产生过程主要与流域地质地貌(地形)、水文、气候、土壤、土地利用、农田管理及其它人类活动等密切相关.为此,就水文水资源特征、气候因素中的降雨与温度、土壤主要物理和化学性质、地表覆被类型及覆盖度、土地利用及分布格局、农田管理制度及人类活动因素等对流域非点源污染的关键因素及水环境影响进行了较为深入的识别和分析,明晰了各类因素的影响途径和过程机制.Mastering the key factors and influence ways of nonpoint source pollution in river basins is the basis for scientifically identifying and estimating the pollution loads,and rationally formulating and implementing their control measures.Non point source pollution mainly comes from the enriched N,P substances in soil or surface residues in the basins.The generation process of the above-mentioned pollution sources is closely related to the geology and geomorphology(topography),hydrology,climate,soil,land use,farmland management and other human activities of the basins.Therefore,the key factors and water environmental impact of nonpoint source pollution in river basins are intensively identified and analyzed in tenns of characteristics of hydrology and water resource,rainfall and temperature,main physical and chemical properties of soil,surface cover type and degree,land use and distribution pattern,farmland management system and socio-economic pattern,etc.,clarifying the influence ways and process mechanisms of factors.

关 键 词：非点源污染 影响 土地利用 土壤 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]