长江枯水期石首麋鹿的生境选择  

Habitat Selection of Milu (Elaphurus davidianus) in Shishou in the Dry Season of Yangtze River

作　　者：张怀胜 田光明[1] 王鑫雨 李鹏飞 朱建强[1] ZHANG Huaisheng;TIAN Guangming;WANG Xinyu;LI Pengfei;ZHU Jianqiang(Research Center for Milu Health and Habitat of Yangtze University,Jingzhou,434025,China;Administrative Office of Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve,Shishou,434407,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学麋鹿健康与生境研究中心,荆州434025 [2]湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区管理处,石首434407

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2020年第1期22-28,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：湖北省环保科技项目——麋鹿栖息地生态系统保护与修复研究(2017HB10)

摘　　要：麋鹿属于国家Ⅰ级保护动物,对麋鹿种群在枯水期江滩湿地的生境选择特征进行调查分析,可为麋鹿种群的保护与管理提供科学依据。2017年秋季至2019年春季,运用种群生态学、行为生态学等研究方法,调查并比较了48个利用样方与41个对照样方,分析了石首麋鹿在长江枯水期的生境选择。研究表明,对长江枯水期麋鹿生境选择起到重要作用的关键因子分别为扰动因子、水源因子和隐蔽因子。长江枯水期麋鹿生境选择资源函数为:z=-0.518+1.672×人为干扰距离-0.186×水源距离-2.463×道路距离+0.224×隐蔽度-0.366×地表植被盖度-0.862×土壤湿润度。各观察指标的显著性水平上,道路距离达到极显著水平(P<0.01),其次为人为干扰距离与土壤湿润程度(P<0.05)。结合以上研究我们认为,麋鹿在长江枯水期的生境选择趋向于远离干扰、舍弃江滩并寻求隐蔽,这一结果对麋鹿种群的发展和栖息地保护具有重要意义。Milu,or Père David s deer(Elaphurus davidianus)is a first-class national protected wildlife species in China.We undertook analysis of habitat selection characteristics of Milu in river wetlands during the dry season to provide a scientific basis for protection and management of Milu populations.From autumn 2017 to spring 2019,we studied habitat selection of Milu during the dry season along the Yangtze River by using population ecology,behavioral ecology,and other research methods to investigate and compare 48 sample plots with 41 control plots.Disturbance(by people),water source,and concealment were the key factors influencing habitat selection.The resource selection function of habitat for Milu was z=(-0.518+1.672×human disturbance distance)-(0.186×water source distance)-(2.463×road distance)+(0.224×concealment degree)-(0.366×surface vegetation coverage)-(0.862×soil wetness).Distance from roads very significantly affected habitat selection(P<0.01),and was followed by distance to human disturbance and soil moisture(for both factors P<0.05).Milu avoided human disturbance and wetter soils near the river banks,and sought concealment in thick understory.We offer these conclusions for future protection of Milu populations and their habitats.

关 键 词：生境选择 资源选择函数 栖息地保护 麋鹿 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]