非人类中心主义环境伦理下的动物保护思想梳理分析  

Analysis of Animal Protection Ideologies Under Non-anthropocentrism Environmental Ethics

作　　者：秦红霞[1] QIN Hongxia(Nanjing Forest Police College,Nanjing,210032,China)

机构地区：[1]南京森林警察学院

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2020年第1期232-239,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：南京森林警察学院预研项目“人类命运共同体视域下的野生动物保护理念研究”(RWY201803);江苏省高校哲学社会科学优秀创新团队“生态环境保护执法研究”;江苏省重点建设学科公安学的阶段性成果

摘　　要：随着社会的发展、文明的进步和生物多样性危机的显现,人们的动物保护意识空前提升,保护热情空前高涨。考察环境伦理,发现其已从传统的人类中心主义环境伦理向非人类中心主义转变,动物伦理也跳出以人类为中心的利己局限,把动物纳入关怀范围。其中动物福利主义思想不反对人类利用动物,但主张尽可能增进其福利,减少其痛苦;动物权利主义思想反对视动物为资源,反对利用动物,主张动物个体的利益;物种保护主义认识到物种多样性对人类而言的根本重大利益,主张保护物种的可持续生存,为此可以牺牲人类的当前利益。三大动物保护思想之间并无矛盾或冲突,而是关注点各有侧重,动物福利主义和物种保护主义已经得到世界主要国家和国际社会的广泛认可,动物权利主义则仍然饱受争议。人们准备致力于保护动物时,可参考借鉴三大动物保护思想,理清、判断、决定适宜的保护理念和思路。With the development of society,improvement of civilization and also emergence of a biodiversity crisis,people are growing increasingly aware of the importance of protecting animals and are more enthusiastic about it.Observing environmental ethics,we find that traditional anthropocentric ethics have shifted toward non-anthropocentric ones,and ethics related to animals have gone beyond human-centered self-interest to include care and concern for animals.Among animal-related ethics,animal welfare doesn t oppose human utilization of animals,but rather advocates the best possible animal welfare and the least suffering for animals.Animal rights advocates call for humans to treat animals as resources and make use of them,claiming that this protects animal interests.Species conservationism,aware of the fundamental interests of biodiversity to human beings,proposes sustainable existence of wildlife species,even at the cost of immediate human interests.These three animal protection ideologies don t conflict with each other,but rather show distinct concerns.Animal welfare and species conservation have won wide recognition from major countries around the world and also from international communities,while animal rights remain controversial.When people decide to commit themselves to protecting animals,these three ideologies can serve as a reference to help them formulate their own ideas and develop useful ideologies.

关 键 词：非人类中心主义 动物福利主义 动物权利主义 物种保护主义 动物保护理念 

分 类 号：X-4[环境科学与工程]