机构地区:[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]聊城市农业科学研究院,山东聊城252000 [3]德州市农业科学研究院,山东德州253000
出 处:《作物学报》2020年第3期395-407,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica
基 金:国家自然科学基金项目(31601253);国家现代农业产业技术体系(棉花)建设专项(CARS-18-37);山东省现代农业产业技术体系(棉花)建设专项(SDAIT-03);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016CQ20)资助~~
摘 要:为了探讨种植密度和施氮量对棉花干物质与氮素积累分配及产量的影响。本研究以聊棉6号为试验材料,设置5.25、6.75和8.25万株hm^-2(D5.25、D6.75、D8.25)3个种植密度,0、105、210、315和420 kg hm^-2(N0、N105、N210、N315、N420)5个施氮量,研究增密减氮对棉花干物质积累与分配、氮素积累与分配、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,与D5.25相比,D6.75、D8.25条件下棉花干物质积累量显著升高,2016年提高了17.6%、28.7%,2017年提高了12.6%、20.9%。与N0相比,施氮肥后干物质积累量随施氮量的增加显著升高,2016年各施氮处理分别提高了4.5%、11.1%、13.7%、16.3%,2017年提高了3.6%、13.5%、15.3%、19.8%。棉花氮素吸收与干物质积累动态曲线均符合Logistic模型,2年间棉株氮素最大累积量(Ym)均在D8.25N420处理下获得,与平均值相比,棉株氮素最大累积量分别提高了17.3%和23.8%、快速累积持续时间(T)延长了5.2%和9.9%、最大累积速率(Vm)提升11.5%和13.8%,氮素快速积累期起始时期(t1)比干物质积累分别提早了4.1 d和6.4 d。2016年D5.25N315、D6.75N210、D6.75N105和2017年D5.25N315、D6.75N210处理的棉花产量显著高于其他处理。种植密度和施氮量的互作效应对棉花产量的影响显著,增密减氮可以获得高产,推荐本地区棉花种植密度从常规的5.25万株hm^-2增加到6.75万株hm^-2,施氮量从常规的300 kg hm^-2第一年减少为105 kg hm^-2,第二年减少为210 kg hm^-2。A field experiment was conducted using Liaomian 6 with the treatments of three plant densities(5.25×104,6.75×104,and 8.25×104 plants hm-2),and five nitrogen rates(0,105,210,315,and 420 kg hm-2)in 2016 and 2017.Compared with D5.25,D6.75,and D8.25 dry matter accumulation of cotton significantly increased by 17.6%and 28.7%in 2016,12.6%and 20.9%in 2017,respectively.Compared with N0,N105,N210,N315,and N420 increased dry matter accumulation by 4.5%,11.1%,13.7%,16.3%in 2016 and 3.6%,13.5%,15.3%,19.8%in 2017,respectively.The dynamic curve of cotton dry matter and nitrogen absorption accumulation conformed to the Logistic model,and the maximal nitrogen accumulation(Ym)was obtained under D8.25 N420 treatment in 2016 and 2017.Compared to the average,the maximal biomass,duration of rapid accumulation(T),the maximal speed of accumulation(Vm)increased by 17.3%and 23.8%,5.20%and 9.9%,11.45%and 13.8%,respectively in two years.The starting date of rapid accumulation period(t1)was 4.1 d and 6.4 d earlier for nitrogen than for dry matter,indicating that the nutrient absorption of cotton was the premise of dry matter accumulation.The lint yield of D5.25N315,D6.75N210 and D6.75N105 in 2016 as well as D5.25N315 and D6.75N210 in 2017 was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The interaction effect of planting density and nitrogen application amount significantly affected cotton yield.Increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen application amount can obtain high yield.It is recommended for this region that the cotton planting density should be increased from 5.25×104 to 6.75×104 plants hm-2,and the amount of nitrogen application decreased from 300 kg hm-2 to 105 kg hm-2 in the first year,and then to 210 kg hm-2 in the next year.
正在载入数据...
正在载入数据...
正在载入数据...
正在载入数据...
正在载入数据...
正在载入数据...
正在载入数据...