播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种产量和氮素利用率的调控效应  

Interactive effects of sowing pattern and planting density on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in large spike wheat cultivar

作　　者：郑飞娜 初金鹏 张秀 费立伟 代兴龙[1] 贺明荣[1] ZHENG Fei-Na;CHU Jin-Peng;ZHANG Xiu;FEI Li-Wei;DAI Xing-Long;HE Ming-Rong(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第3期423-431,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300403);国家自然科学基金青年基金(31801298);山东省自然科学基金博士基金项目(ZR2018BC034)资助~~

摘　　要：为探明实现冬小麦进一步增产增效的调控途径,于2015—2016年和2016—2017年连续两个生长季,选用大穗型品种泰农18,设置2种播种方式(宽幅播种和常规条播)和7个种植密度(130×104、200×104、270×104、340×104、410×104、480×104和550×104株hm–2),研究了播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种产量和氮素利用率的调控效应。结果表明,与常规条播相比,宽幅播种配合增密能够有效缓解单位面积穗数增加与单穗粒重降低、氮素吸收效率提高与氮素内在利用效率下降之间的矛盾,通过增加单位面积穗数和氮素吸收效率协同提高籽粒产量和氮素利用率。宽幅播种条件下获得最高产量和氮素利用率的密度为410×104株hm–2,显著高于常规条播条件下的最优密度(340×104株hm–2),且其增产增效幅度亦显著高于常规条播。综上所述,宽幅播种配合合理密植具有进一步协同提高大穗型小麦品种产量和氮素利用率的潜力。在本试验条件下,宽幅播种(苗带宽8~10 cm)与410×104株hm–2密度相匹配是大穗型小麦品种泰农18获得更高产高效的最优组合。In order to find out the way to achieve further improvement in the grain yield(GY)and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)of winter wheat,two sowing pattern(the wide range sowing and conventional drilling sowing)and seven planting densities(130×104,200×104,270×104,340×104,410×104,480×104,and 550×104 plants hm–2)were designed during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons.Tainong 18,a winter wheat cultivar with larger spike and lower tillering capacity,was used to investigate the combined effects of sowing pattern and planting density on GY and NUE.Compared with the conventional drilling sowing,the wide range sowing with higher planting density effectively alleviated the negative effect of increasing spikes per unit area and nitrogen uptake efficiency(NUpE)on decreasing single spike weight and nitrogen utilization efficiency(NUtE),respectively.Concurrent improvement in GY and NUE was achieved by increasing the number of spikes per unit area and NUpE.The planting density resulting in the highest GY and NUE under wide range sowing conditions was 410×104 plants hm–2,which was significantly higher than that(340×104 plants hm–2)under conventional drilling sowing.Moreover,the increase percentage of GY and NUE under wide ranging sowing was also significantly higher than that under drilling sowing.In summary,it is feasible to further improve GY and NUE of large spike wheat cultivar through rational combination of wide range sowing with higher planting density.Under the condition of this experiment,the optimal combination measure for high GY and NUE was sowing width of 8–10 cm with plant density of 410×104 plants hm–2.

关 键 词：宽幅播种 种植密度 互作效应 产量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]