土壤施磷与叶面追肥互作对花生根系形态、结瘤特性及氮代谢的影响  

Effects of interaction of phosphorus(P) application in soil and leaves on root,nodule characteristics and nitrogen(N) metabolism in peanut

作　　者：路亚 王春晓 于天一[2] 周静[4] 孙学武[2] 冯昊[2] 孙秀山[2] 王鹏 矫岩林 李林[1] 王才斌[2] LU Ya;WANG Chun-Xiao;YU Tian-Yi;ZHOU Jing;SUN Xue-Wu;FENG Hao;SUN Xiu-Shan;WANG Peng;JIAO Yan-Lin;LI Lin;WANG Cai-Bin(Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China;Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China;Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yantai 265500,Shandong,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学,湖南长沙410128 [2]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [3]山东省烟台市农业科学院,山东烟台265500 [4]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第3期432-439,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31571617,31701376,31771732);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2018YFJH0601);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2018E21,CXGC2018B05,CXGC2016B05)资助~~

摘　　要：叶面追磷是土壤施磷的重要补充。为明确不同土壤磷水平下花生适宜的叶面追磷浓度,本研究采用营养液沙培试验,研究了土壤充足供磷(P2O5浓度为7.1 mg L^-1,PA)及磷胁迫(P2O5浓度为0.71 mg L^-1,PD)时,不同浓度叶面磷肥(P2O50、0.1%和0.2%,简称CK、P0.1%和P0.2%处理)对花生根系形态、结瘤特性、叶片氮代谢酶及干物质重的影响。结果表明:(1)结荚期和饱果期,叶面追磷能够促进2种土壤供磷水平下花生根系和根瘤生长,提高叶片氮代谢关键酶活性,P 0.2%处理各指标增幅高于P 0.1%处理。收获期,土壤充足供磷时,高浓度叶面磷肥(P 0.2%)导致花生早衰,表现为P 0.2%处理根系、根瘤及氮代谢酶相关指标均低于P 0.1%处理。而土壤磷胁迫时,2种浓度叶面磷肥均能提高上述指标,P 0.2%处理下各指标与P 0.1%处理相当或略高于P 0.1%处理。(2)2种浓度叶面磷肥均能提高花生各器官氮、磷积累量及干物质重。土壤充足供磷时,P 0.1%处理的荚果氮、磷积累量及干物质重增幅大于P 0.2%处理,其他器官(根、茎、叶及果针)各指标则表现出相反趋势。土壤磷胁迫时,各指标均随叶面磷肥浓度增加而增加。追施叶面磷肥增产的主要原因是增加了单株果数。综上,土壤充足供磷及磷胁迫时,花生适宜的叶面追磷浓度分别为0.1%和0.2%。生产上应根据土壤供磷水平,选择适当浓度叶面磷肥。Spraying P fertilizer is an important supplement for applying P fertilizer in soil.A pot experiment with nutrient solution was conducted to study effect of foliar fertilizer with different P contents on peanut root morphology,nodule characteristics,leaf N metabolic enzymes and dry weight of plant under adequate and stress P conditions,respectively.In pod setting and fulling stages,spraying P fertilizer improved growth of root and nodule,and enhanced activities of N metabolic enzymes in leaves.The increments of each parameter under P 0.2%treatment were larger than those under P 0.1%.In harvest stage,relevant parameters of peanut root,nodule and N metabolism in P 0.2%treatment were lower than those in P 0.1%treatment with adequate soil P.High foliar P fertilizer resulted in senescence of plant.Foliage spray with each of two P contents could improve the parameters mentioned above under soil P stress condition.The parameters of P 0.2%treatment were equal to or a little higher than those of P 0.1%treatment.Foliar P fertilizer increased N,P accumulations and dry weight of different organs.Under adequate soil P condition,the increments of pod N,P accumulations and dry weight in P 0.1%treatment were larger than those in P 0.2%treatment,and the response of the parameters in others parts(root,stem,leaf and peg)to foliar P fertilizer was adverse.Under P stress condition,the parameters increased with increasing foliar P-level.The reason of yield increase in spraying P fertilizer treatments was the improvement of pod number per plant.In conclusion,the suitable foliar P content under adequate soil P and stress conditions is 0.1%and 0.2%respectively.In peanut production,we should choose suitable content of foliar P fertilizer according to soil P level.

关 键 词：叶面磷肥 根系形态 根瘤特性 氮代谢 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]