微塑料对海洋桡足类摄食、排泄及生殖的影响  

Effect of Microplastics on Feeding, Excretion and Reproduction of Marine Copepod

作　　者：于娟[1,2] 许瑞 魏逾杰 田继远 王雪丹[1] 来敬广 陈容 杨桂朋[1,2] 张正雨[1] 邵云粹 YU Juan;XU Rui;WEI Yu-Jie;TIAN Ji-Yuan;WANG Xue-Dan;LAI Jing-Guang;CHEN Rong;YANG Gui-Peng;ZHANG Zheng-Yu;SHAO Yun-Cui(The Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China;College of Food Science and Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学化学化工学院海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]青岛农业大学食品科学与工程学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第3期73-80,共8页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2016YFA0601302);国家自然科学基金项目(41876122,41776085);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(41521064)资助;青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室“鳌山人才”计划项目(2015ASTP)~~

摘　　要：微塑料污染目前成为海洋污染普遍关注的一个研究热点。本文在实验室内将青岛近海常见的海洋桡足类猛水蚤暴露于不同浓度的微塑料尼龙6中,研究了猛水蚤的摄食、排泄以及生殖的变化。研究结果表明,微塑料尼龙6对猛水蚤的摄食、排泄、生殖均产生不利的影响,并且存在剂量-效应关系。微塑料尼龙6对猛水蚤摄食率、滤水率、排粪率的24 h·EC 50分别为67.7、62.2、84.1 mg·L^-1,对猛水蚤抱卵率的144 h·EC 50为30.3 mg·L^-1。“饱食感”造成猛水蚤摄食率降低,从而能量和营养摄入不足可能是导致猛水蚤抱卵率降低的原因。猛水蚤对微塑料的摄食,导致猛水蚤排泄的粪便颗粒小型化,由长椭球体变为短小椭球体,可能与其粘度或物理结构的改变有关。暴露于尼龙6的猛水蚤的粪便体积和沉降速率显著低于未暴露微塑料的对照组。本实验结果对于研究微塑料对海洋桡足类以及滤食性浮游动物的生态毒理影响具有一定的帮助。In recent years,there has been a growing concern for microplastics.Marine copepod Harpacticus sp.,commonly lived in coastal waters of Qingdao,was exposed to high concentrations of microplastics polyamide 6(PA 6)in laboratory,and the effects of PA 6 on the feeding,excretion and reproduction of the copepod were investigated.The results showed that PA 6 exposure had adverse effects on the ingestion rate,clearance rate,pellet production rate,and proportions of gravid female,and the effects were dose-dependent.24 h·EC 50(median effect concentration of 24 h)for microplastics PA 6 on ingestion rate,clearance rate,and pellet production rate were 67.7,62.2,and 84.1 mg·L^-1,respectively,and 144 h·EC 50 for PA 6 on proportions of gravid female was 30.3 mg·L^-1.Decreased ingestion rate caused by“satiety”led to the limited energy and nutrition intake,which might explain the decreased proportions of gravid female.Ingestion in the microplastic led to decreased size and volume of fecal pellets,and the shape changed from long ellipsoid to short ellipsoid,which might be due to the changed viscosity and physical structure of fecal pellets.Volume and sinking rate of fecal pellets for exposure to PA 6 significantly decreased when compared with the controls(without PA 6).Our results can supply the data to the study of the effects of microplastics on the ecological toxic effects in marine copepod and filter-feeding zooplankton.

关 键 词：微塑料 桡足类 摄食 排泄 生殖 

分 类 号：Q494[生物学—生理学]