黄土区薄层浮土道路侵蚀试验研究  

Thin-layer regolith erosion test of soil road in loess area

作　　者：聂慧莹 王文龙 李建明[3,4,6] 郭明明[1] 康宏亮 白芸 NIE Huiying;WANG Wenlong;LI Jianming;GUO Mingming;KANG Hongliang;BAI Yun(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China;Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education,Yangling 712100,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shanbei Mining Area,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China;Soil and Water Conservation Department,Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,杨凌712100 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]榆林学院陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室,陕西榆林719000 [6]长江科学院水土保持研究所,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2020年第1期101-111,共11页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501604);国家自然科学基金(41701316,41761062,40771127)~~

摘　　要：为研究降雨强度和坡度对黄土区薄层浮土覆盖的土质道路产流产沙的影响,在野外调查的基础上,通过室内模拟降雨试验研究不同雨强(1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 mm/min)和坡度(2°、4°、8°、16°)条件下0.5 cm厚度浮土道路径流和产沙特征。结果表明:1)相同坡度条件下,平均径流率随雨强增大呈递增趋势,其变化范围在0.80~2.73 L/min,且1.5~2.5 mm/min雨强条件下平均径流率是1.0 mm/min的1.34~3.04倍,各雨强条件下浮土侵蚀阶段产流量占比范围在5.22%~40.38%;2)次降雨平均含沙量随坡度和雨强的增大均呈递增趋势,其变化范围在11.75~194.25 g/L,且与坡度和雨强分别呈显著线性和指数函数关系(P<0.05),1.0~2.5 mm/min雨强下浮土侵蚀阶段产沙量占比为0.05%~71.51%,其占比随雨强和坡度的增大存在波动,且混合侵蚀阶段产沙量与坡度和雨强呈良好的线性关系(P<0.01);3)累计产沙量随累计产流量的增大而增大且满足线性函数关系,决定系数均在0.96以上。研究结果揭示了薄层浮土道路径流侵蚀规律,可为土质道路治理及道路侵蚀模型建立提供参考。The indoor artificial simulated rainfall experiment was carried out to study the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield in the loess area under different slope and rain intensity conditions.According to the field investigations,the slope of roads in this area is usually between 0°and 20°,thus we set the slope of plots to 2°,4°,8°and 16°.Four rainfall intensities were tested,from 1.0 to 2.5 mm/min with an interval of 0.5 mm/min.In our experiments,the thickness of the loose surface soil layer was set to 0.5 cm.Results showed that:1)Under the same slope condition,the average runoff rate increases with the increase of rain intensity,and the variation range was 0.80~2.73 L/min,and the value of the average runoff rate was 1.34 to 3.04 times under the rainfall intensity were 1.5 to 2.5 mm/min than that of 1.0 mm/min,and the proportion of production and discharge in the floating erosion stage under various rainfall intensity conditions ranged from 5.22%to 40.38%.2)The average sediment concentration of the sub-rainfall increased with the increasing of slope and rainfall intensity,and the range is from 11.75 g/L to 194.25 g/L,and it showed significant linear and exponential function with slope and rain intensity respectively(P<0.05).The ratio of sediment yield in floating erosion stage of 1.0~2.5 mm/min were 0.05%~71.51%,it fluctuated with the increasing of rainfall intensity and slope.There were linear relationship between sediment yield with slope and rainfall intensity in the mixed erosion stage(P<0.01).3)The cumulative sediment yield increased with the increasing of the cumulative runoff and satisfies the linear function relationship,and the coefficient of determination was above 0.96.The results revealed the path erosion law of thin layer regolith road,which could provide reference for the soil road management and road erosion model establishment.

关 键 词：浮土 道路侵蚀 产流量 产沙量 模拟降雨 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] X43[农业科学—农业基础科学]