广州市儿童神经系统疾病病种及病因构成分析  

Analysis of disease composition and causes of nervous system diseases in Guangzhou children

作　　者：梁秋芬 杨烨 屈艳霞 唐林国 马毅敏 耿可亭 LIANG Qiu-fen;YANG Ye;QU Yan-xia(Nursing Group of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center(Women and Infants Hospital),Guangdong 510180,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市妇女儿童医疗中心(妇婴院区)妇产科部护理组,广东510180 [2]广州市妇女儿童医疗中心(珠江新城院区)生殖健康与计划生育服务部,广东510623

出　　处：《中国临床新医学》2020年第1期57-60,共4页CHINESE JOURNAL OF NEW CLINICAL MEDICINE

基　　金：广州市医药卫生科技项目(编号:20161A011119)

摘　　要：目的分析2006~2015年广州市儿童神经系统疾病病种及病因构成情况,为制定病残儿家庭再生育的优生监测策略提供参考依据。方法收集2006-01~2015-12广州市经医学鉴定的病残儿资料3964例,对病残儿的基本情况、病史简介、疾病诊断等信息资料进行统计分析。结果神经系统疾病或精神行为障碍病残儿数1867例,占病残儿人数的39.05%~56.67%。前5顺位病种分别为:孤独症谱系障碍(31.01%)、智力低下或精神神经发育迟缓(29.67%)、脑瘫(13.12%)、癫痫(10.50%)、遗传性疾病(6.37%)。部分病例可能与围产期因素有一定关系,仍有相当多病例未发现确切的相关危险因素。结论近年孤独症谱系障碍病残儿的人数比2010年前显著增多,这与孤独症谱系障碍认识和诊断能力的提高,遗传、各种生物性因素、社会文化及环境因素的改变等有一定相关性。将近一半病残儿鉴定病例为神经系统疾病,其中大部份未找到危险因素,做好孕前、孕期健康教育和保健等措施是临床和保健工作者的积极应对措施。Objective To analyse the disease composition and causes of nervous system diseases in children with nervous system diseases in Guangzhou City from 2006 to 2015,and provide the eugenics monitoring strategies and reproductive services for families with disabled children.Methods Three thousand nine hundred and sixty-four cases of disabled children receiving medical expert testimony were collected from January 2006 to December 2015 in Guangzhou City,and their basic information,medical history and diagnosis were statistically analysed.Results The number of disabled children with nervous system diseases or mental behavior disorders was 1867,accounting for 39.05%~56.67%of the disabled children.The top five diseases were autism spectrum disorders(31.01%),mental retardation or delayed psycho neurogenesis(29.67%),cerebral palsy(13.12%),epilepsy(10.50%)and hereditary diseases(6.37%).Some cases might be related to perinatal factors,but there were still a lot of cases without definite risk factors.Conclusion In recent years,the number of disabled children with autism spectrum disorders has increased significantly compared with that before 2010,which is related to the improvement of recognition and diagnosis ability of autism spectrum disorders,the change of genetics,various biological factors,social culture and environmental factors.Nearly half of the disabled are identified as nervous system diseases most of which have no risk factors identified.Health education and health care before and during pregnancy are the positive measures for clinical and health workers.

关 键 词：病残儿 构成 神经系统疾病 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]