田间烤烟叶片缺钾症状与钾积累及土壤供钾水平关系  

Relationships of Potassium Deficiency Symptoms and Potassium Accumulation in Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves with Soil Potassium Supply Capacity

作　　者：刘智强 CAO Yuying 赵正雄[1] LIU Zhiqiang;CAO Yuying;ZHAO Zhengxiong(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Dalian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dalian,Liaoning 116036,China;Smeal College,Pennsylvania State University,PA16802,USA)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,昆明650201 [2]大连市农业科学研究院,辽宁大连116036 [3]Smeal College,Pennsylvania State University,PA16802,USA

出　　处：《土壤学报》2020年第1期195-205,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：红塔集团科技计划项目（20181961）;云南农业大学科研发展基金项目（KX900187）资助~~

摘　　要：基于田间正常施肥烟株生长中期中、上部叶通常出现缺钾症状的现象,以烤烟品种K326为材料在砂质壤土上进行了田间试验,定期观察无钾(即K0,仅按常规施用氮磷肥,K2O用量为0 kg·hm–2)、常规施肥但中后期出现缺钾症状(即CF,按常规施用氮磷钾肥,K2O用量为364 kg·hm–2但中后期仍有缺钾症状)、常规施肥且正常生长(即CK,按常规施用氮磷钾肥,K2O用量为364 kg·hm–2但中后期无缺钾症状)3处理烟株移栽后生长情况(特别是叶片缺钾症状的出现情况),并及时采集和测定了相应烟株的干物质、钾含量及根区土壤速效钾含量,以阐明正常施肥烤烟中、上部叶出现缺钾症状的可能原因。结果表明:(1)CF和K0烟株在移栽后33 d前叶片均未出现缺钾症状;但根区土壤速效钾含量移栽后42 d低于99.86 mg·kg–1时,K0烟株第8~第15叶陆续表现缺钾;CF烟株根区土壤速效钾含量移栽后57 d低于131.1 mg·kg–1时,第12~第16叶也相继缺钾,而其他叶位叶片正常。(2)从移栽至42 d,CK和K0烟株干物质和钾素累积量虽皆明显增加,但K0烟株总量偏低趋势愈发显著;至移栽后57 d期间,CK和K0烟株前述两个指标继续增加,但此期CF干物质累积有相似的增加趋势,而钾素累积与出现缺钾症状前相比(即移栽后42 d时CK)则略有减少;(3)移栽后42 d至57 d,CF烟株上、中部叶和K0烟株上部叶钾净输出明显,而茎中净输入显著,其他器官或部位总体持平或略有增加;CK烟株上部叶钾素输入、输出维持平衡,其他器官有净增加。(4)生长期间,CK烟叶钾含量皆表现出随叶位上升而呈总体下降,K0烟叶前期有相似规律,但移栽后42 d、57 d呈“上升-下降-上升”,CF于移栽后57 d为“下降-上升”趋势。上述结果说明,K0烟株移栽后42 d中部叶开始缺钾是钾整体吸收不足所致,后期则兼有上部叶钾净输出原因;CF烟株出现中、上部叶缺钾而下部叶正常则有3个原因,一�【Objective】To explore potential causes of the occurrence of potassium deficiency symptoms in the middle and upper leaves,rather than lower leaves,of normally fertilized tobacco plants in the field during their growth,a field experiment was carried out in this study.【Method】The field experiment was laid out in a tobacco field of sandy loam planted with flue-cured tobacco of variety K326,designed to have three treatments,i.e.K0(plants applied with N P at the conventional rate and without K,0 kg·hm–2 K2O),CF(plants applied with NPK at the conventional rate,364 kg·hm–2 K2O,and only those among the plants exhibiting potassium deficiency symptoms during the middle and late stages were sorted as Treatment CF),and CK(sharing the same plants with Treatment CF,applied with NPK at the same rate,and only those free from any potassium deficiency symptoms during the middle and late stages were sorted as Treatment CK).Observation of the plants began after their transplantation for growth and possible appearance of potassium deficiency symptoms in leaves.Leaves were sampled timely for determination of dry matter and potassium content,and rhizosphere soils were for analysis of available potassium content.【Result】(1)The tobacco plants in Treatments CF and K0 did not show any symptoms of potassium deficiency during the first 33 days after transplanting.However,when soil available potassium in the root zone was gradually depleted and dropped below 99.86 mg·kg–1 in content on D42,symptoms appeared one by one on the 8th^15th leaves of the plants in Treatment K0;and when soil available potassium in the root zone was lowered down below 131.1 mg·kg–1 on D57,symptoms appeared one by one on the 12th^16th leaves of the plant in Treatment CF,but not on the other leaves;(2)During the first 42 days after transplanting,dry matter and potassium accumulation significantly increased in Treatments CK and K0,but the trend of the total weight of the tobacco plants in Treatment K0 getting lower became more and more apparent;and

关 键 词：烤烟 叶片缺钾症状 干物质 钾含量 钾分配 土壤速效钾 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S158[农业科学—作物学]