日美贸易失衡与中美贸易失衡的对比分析——以产业冲击为视角  

A Comparative Analysis of Japan-USand China-USTrade Imbalances from the Perspective of Industry Shocks

作　　者：周金凯[1] Zhou Jinkai

机构地区：[1]北京青年政治学院

出　　处：《日本学刊》2020年第1期138-158,共21页Japanese Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“产业视角下中美贸易失衡、结构性冲击与美国对华贸易政策研究”(编号:19BGJ045)。

摘　　要：中美贸易失衡是继日美贸易失衡后美国在经贸领域的又一关注焦点,美国将中美贸易失衡与“产业冲击”相挂钩。通过从汽车和半导体产业入手,对日美贸易失衡中的产业冲击问题进行分析发现:在中美贸易和日美贸易的发展过程中,由于产业发展阶段、对外直接投资对产业的影响、贸易对就业的冲击、产业竞争与互补程度以及出口管制程度等方面存在不同,日美贸易失衡对美国产业构成了实质性冲击,与中美贸易失衡在该问题上的影响存在本质差异。美国以贸易失衡和“产业冲击”责难中国,并借此发动贸易战,是美国意识形态方面的固有偏见和遏制中国发展的托词,中国需要在谋划中美磋商和反制的策略、推动中国产业结构升级及提防美国发动金融战等方面进行政策应对。The China-U.Strade imbalance has become a newly emerging focus after the Japan-U.Strade imbalanceIn order to further explore the real purpose of the U.Sin linking the China-U.Strade imbalance with the industry shocks,the article focuses on the industry shocks of the Japan-U.Strade imbalance in automobile industry and semiconductor industry,analyzing that with the differences of industry development stage,employment and competitiveness and complementarities of industries,the Japan-U.Strade imbalance has had a impact on American industry,which is essentially different from the case of China-U.Strade imbalanceIt is therefore concluded that there are ideological bias and excuses when the U.Sblames China for the industry shocks caused by the trade imbalance,and that China should take such measures as insisting on the bottom-line in the trade negotiation,upgrading industries and preventing financial war launched by U.S.

关 键 词：贸易失衡 产业冲击 贸易战 贸易政策 

分 类 号：F741[经济管理—国际贸易]