拉美国家的性别分层变化及其后果研究——基于对劳动力市场的考察  

Gender Stratification in Latin American Countries and its Consequences-Based on the Study of Labor Market

作　　者：林华[1,2] Lin Hua

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所社会文化研究室 [2]阿根廷研究中心

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2019年第6期50-62,155,156,共15页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：本文尝试通过对拉美劳动力市场的考察,分析当前拉美国家性别分层的基本状况和近年来的变化趋势,探讨造成这些变化的原因和其产生的后果,从而对拉美国家性别不平等的发展状况做出初步判断。研究发现,近年来拉美国家女性在性别分层中的地位有所改善,这既体现在女性职业地位提升,也体现在男女收入差距缩小等方面。这些进步与拉美女性经济自立程度和受教育水平的提高,以及各国政府的大力推动不无关系,并对拉美国家社会阶层结构的改善、社会不平等的减轻和女性参政等产生了积极影响。但是,劳动力市场上的性别不平等依然存在,特别是职业的水平隔离没有减轻。阻碍拉美女性在劳动力市场上获得更多机会的关键因素已不是人力资本的性别差异,而是性别歧视和传统的劳动性别分工。这导致性别仍然是重要的社会分层机制,也是造成社会分化的主要因素之一。This paper analyzes the situation of gender stratification in Latin America and the changes in recent years through the study of Latin American labor market,and explore the causes and the consequences of these changes so as to make a preliminary judgment for the development of gender inequality in Latin America.The study has found that the female employment in Latin American countries mainly concentrated in occupations with low productivity,low income and low social security.However,the dynamic comparative analysis shows that in recent years,the status of Latin American women in the gender stratification has improved and the gender inequality has been reduced,which can be reflected in the promotion of professional status as well as in the reduction of income gap between men and women.These advances are related to the increased level of education and economic autonomy of Latin American women,as well as the active promotion of governments,and yield positive impact on improvement of social structure,reduction of social inequality and women’s political participation in Latin American countries.However,gender inequality in the labor market still exists,especially the occupational horizontal segregation has not been alleviated.This can lead to the argument that gender remains an important social stratification mechanism and one of the major factors that contribute to social differentiation.

关 键 词：拉美 性别分层 性别不平等 社会结构 劳动力市场 

分 类 号：D663[政治法律—政治学]