黄河流域气候与水文变化的现状及思考  

Status and Ponder of Climate and Hydrology Changes in the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：马柱国[1,2] 符淙斌 周天军[1] 严中伟 李明星[1] 郑子彦[1] 陈亮 吕美霞[1] MA Zhuguo;FU Congbin;ZHOU Tianjun;YAN Zhongwei;LI Mingxing;ZHENG Ziyan;CHEN Liang;LV Meixia(Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所中国科学院东亚区域气候-环境重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]南京大学,南京210093

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2020年第1期52-60,共9页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41530532、41605085、41705072)

摘　　要：黄河是中华民族的母亲河,孕育了博大精深的中华文明。同时,流域频发的水旱灾害也给黄河两岸的人民群众带来了深重的灾难。当前,由于全球增暖和人类活动加剧的影响,黄河流域气候及水文过程发生了显著的变化,流域整体气候的暖干化和人类用水的不断增加使得黄河流域的水文干旱不断加剧。“退耕还林还草”政策的实施使得黄土高原的植被覆盖得到极大改善,有效地抑制了严重的水土流失,但同时也导致该地区土壤的干化和干土层的加厚,这些是黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展面临的重大问题,也是涉及气候-水-生态-人类社会如何协同发展的基础科学问题。The Yellow River is known as China’s Mother River,which fosters the great and profound Chinese civilization.However,the frequent flood and drought disasters have also brought serious disasters to the people who live in the Yellow River Basin.At present,significant changes have taken place in the climate and hydrological processes of the Yellow River Basin due to global warming and human activities.The warming and drying climate and increase of human water use in the Yellow River Basin have led to an increase in hydrological drought.Although the Grain for Green program has greatly improved the vegetation coverage on the Loess Plateau and effectively inhibited severe soil erosion,but also enhanced the soil desiccation and enlarged the dry soil layers in this area.These phenomena are not only the major challenges for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin,but also the basic scientific issues which related to the coordinated development of climate-water-ecology-society.

关 键 词：黄河流域 气候暖干化 径流减少 人类用水 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学] P467[水利工程—水文学及水资源]