基于红外相机技术的贺兰山同域分布阿拉善马鹿和岩羊活动规律研究  

Comparing the activity pattern of red deer(Cervus alashanicus)and blue sheep(Pseudois nayaur)using camera-traps in Helan Mountains

作　　者：刘鹏[1] 刘振生[1,2] 高惠[1] 李宗智 张致荣 滕丽微[1,2] LIU Peng;LIU Zhensheng;GAO Hui;LI Zongzhi;ZHANG Zhirong;TENG Liwei(College of Wildlife Resources,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology,State Forestry Administration,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]国家林业局野生动物保护学重点开放实验室,哈尔滨15004

出　　处：《生态学报》2019年第24期9365-9372,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区2018年监测体系建设补助资金项目（NLF2018-35）;宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区马鹿等极度濒危野生动物拯救保护监测、调查项目（NLF2016-220）

摘　　要：为了探究同域分布的阿拉善马鹿(Cervur alashanicus)与岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)的日活动节律,及两者在时间生态位上的分化情况。于2014.10—2015.10,在贺兰山利用红外相机技术,对两者进行野外监测。相关监测数据,在R软件中利用“overlap”统计包,采取核密度估计(Kernel density estimation)、重叠指数(Coefficient of overlap):Δ进行分析。结果表明,马鹿日活动节律模式属于晨昏活动类型(日活动高峰期:5:00—10:00、16:00—21:00),存在季节性变化(冷暖季日活动节律重叠指数Δ=0.77),由暖季到冷季晨昏活动高峰期均向中午移动(暖季:4:00—8:00、16:00—22:00,冷季:6:00—11:00、15:00—20:00),昼间活动强度大于暖季,而夜间低于暖季。岩羊日活动节律为主要在昼间活动的模式,其活动高峰期在8:00—10:00、13:00—15:00两个时间段。由暖季到冷季存在季节性变化特征(Δ=0.74),昼间活动高峰期向后推迟(暖季7:00—9:00、12:00—14:00,冷季9:00—11:00、13:00—17:00),夜间活动降低。两者在日活动节律模式上的相似度较高(Δ=0.67),存在冷季(Δ=0.66)高于暖季(Δ=0.61)的季节变化。在日活动节律模式分离特征为:马鹿为晨昏活动模式,岩羊为昼间活动模式;前者昼间活动强度低于后者,而夜间强于后者;两者活动在高峰期上大体错开。本研究不仅提供了马鹿与岩羊的日活动节律模式,而且还分析了两者在时间生态位上的分化方式和共存机制,并为两者行为生态学研究的深入提供必要的科学依据。In order to understand the differences in daily activity,we monitored red deer(Cervus alashanicus)and blue sheep(Pseudois nayaur)from October 2014 to October 2015 using camera-traps in the Helan mountains.Through the“overlap”statistical package in R,we used the kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap to analyse the relevant monitoring data.The results showed that red deer had crepuscular habits(peak period:5:00—10:00,16:00—21:00).However,this changed seasonally(daily activity pattern coefficient of overlapΔ=0.77).From the warm season to the cold season,peak moved towards noon(warm season:4:00—8:00,16:00—22:00;cold season:6:00—11:00,15:00—20:00).Daytime activity intensity in the cold season was greater than that in the warm season,but was lower at night time than that in the warm season.The daily activity patterns of blue sheep showed mainly daytime activity,reaching peak periods from 8:00 to 10:00 and from 13:00 to 15:00.However,this changed seasonally(daily activity pattern coefficient of overlapΔ=0.74).From the warm season to the cold season,the peak backward(warm season:7:00—9:00,12:00—14:00;cold season:9:00—11:00,13:00—17:00),and night activities decreased.The activity patterns of both species showed similarities in that their daily activity pattern was higher(Δ=0.67)and a seasonal change occurred from the cold to the warm season(cold season:Δ=0.66;warm season:Δ=0.61).The characteristics of the two species′daily activity patterns are as follows:red deer showed crepuscular habits,and blue sheep showed a daytime activity pattern.The former has a lower daytime activity than that of the latter but is stronger than the latter at night,and the activities of the two species are generally staggered at the peak hour.These results not only improve clarity on the daily activity patterns of red deer and blue sheep,but also analyses the competition between species distributed in the same domain from a temporal perspective and provide the necessary scientific basis for further be

关 键 词：马鹿 岩羊 贺兰山 红外相机 日活动节律 核密度估计 重叠指数 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]