天津地区生态沟渠不同植物配置对氮磷去除效果研究  

Study on nitrogen and phosphorus purification effect of different plant configurations in ecological ditch in Tianjin area

作　　者：朱晓瑞 张春雪 郑向群 任天志[2] 陈昢圳 杨永安 ZHU Xiaorui;ZHANG Chunxue;ZHENG Xiangqun;REN Tianzhi;CHEN Peizhen;YANG Yong’an(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Corn Breeding Field,Tianjin 301507)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]中国农业科学院,北京100081 [3]天津市玉米良种场,天津301507

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2020年第2期170-175,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2012BAJ24B04);天津市科技计划项目(No.14ZCZDNC00013);中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新任务项目(No.CAAS-XTCX2016015)

摘　　要：为筛选适宜天津地区的生态沟渠及提高其净化效果,设置了2组沟渠植物配置试验,研究不同植物配置模式下沟渠氮磷去除效果。结果表明:在沟底种植不同水生蔬菜中,空心菜(Ipomoea aquatica)对氮磷的净化作用较好,总氮、总磷的去除率分别为49.00%、56.05%。在沟壁种植不同护坡植物中,水葱(Scirpus validus)对氨氮、总磷的拦截较好,去除率分别为40.74%、45.24%,显著高于油莎草(Cyperus esculentus L.)和梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata)。综合比较2组植物配置模式的沟渠,以空心菜(沟底)+水葱(沟壁)植物配置的生态沟渠氮磷去除效果最佳,总氮、硝态氮、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别为49.00%、59.04%、43.91%、56.05%。该植物搭配生态沟渠是适宜天津地区治理氮磷污染的一种可行模式,研究成果将为治理天津地区面源污染提供技术指导。In order to screen out the ecological ditches suitable for Tianjin area and improve its purification effect,two groups of ditch plant configuration tests were set up.It was studied the purification effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ditches under different plant allocation patterns.The results showed that in the cultivation of different aquatic vegetables at the bottom of the ditch,the purification of nitrogen and phosphorus by the Ipomoea aquatica was the best,and the removal rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 49.00% and 56.05%,respectively.Among the different slope protection plants planted in the ditch wall,the interception effects of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus by the Scirpus validus were 40.74%and 45.24%,respectively,which were significantly higher than that of Cyperus esculentus L.and Pontederia cordata.Comprehensively comparing the ditches of two groups of plant configuration patterns,the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ecological ditch of the Ipomoea aquatica(ditch bottom)+Scirpus validus(ditch wall)plants was the best,and the removal rates of total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were 49.00%,59.04%,43.91% and 56.05%,respectively.The ecological ditch with Ipomoea aquatica at the bottom of the ditch and Scirpus validus in the ditch wall was a feasible model for the treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Tianjin,and the research results would provide technical guidance for the treatment of non-point source pollution in Tianjin.

关 键 词：生态沟渠 植物配置 氮磷 净化效果 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]