西安古桥遗址出土汉代大型铸铁件的分析研究  

Analysis of the large Han period cast iron objects discovered at the ancient bridge site, Xi’an

作　　者：石晶晶 赵凤燕 李秀辉[1] Shi Jingjing;Zhao Fengyan;Li Xiuhui

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学,北京100083 [2]西安市文物保护考古研究院,陕西西安710068

出　　处：《文博》2019年第6期91-97,共7页

摘　　要：本文对西安古桥遗址出土的两件大型铸铁件进行了分析,结果表明,两件大型铸铁件应为浮桥的地锚,其名称应为"桥敦",渭河古桥遗址出土的桥敦材质为灰口铁,制作方法为地坑立式倒浇法一次性浇注成型;涝渭河古桥遗址出土的桥敦材质为过共晶白口铁,制作方法可能为泥范法。在对样品进行金相组织观察及夹杂物分析后,本文初步探讨了两件大型铸铁件的重量、制作工艺与用途等问题。汉代不同地区出土的浮桥桥敦器形基本一致表明汉代对桥敦的形制、重量和规格都有严格的规定。This research analyzed two large cast iron artefacts discovered from the ancient bridge site in Xi’an.The results show that the two objects were the anchors of a floating bridge.They should be named qiaodun.These qiaodun components found at the ancient bridge site along the Wei River were made of grey pig iron.The objects were cast in one go by decanting melting alloy into a vertical pit dug into the ground.The material of the qiaodun objects discovered at the Lao Wei River ancient bridge site was eutectic white iron probably produced by clay-casting mould.After examining the metallographic structure and inclusions,this article also discusses the weights,casting technologies and functions of the two cast iron objects.The identical shape of the qiaodun components discovered at different Han period floating bridge sites in different regions suggests that there was a strict regulation of the shape,weight,and scale of qiaodun objects during Han period.

关 键 词：西安 古桥遗址 汉代 大型铸铁件 

分 类 号：K876.42[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234[历史地理—历史学]