基于冠气温差的阿克苏成龄红枣缺水诊断及预测  

Study on Diagnosis and prediction of Water Shortage of Mature Jujube in Aksu Based on Canopy-air Temperature Differential

作　　者：郑文强[1] 岳春芳[1] 曹伟[1] ZHENG Wen-qiang;YUE Chun-fang;CAO Wei(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2019年第12期2256-2262,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：自治区教育厅创新项目“干旱区枣树节水调质技术及智能决策系统研发创新团队”(XJEDU2017T004)~~

摘　　要：【目的】研究基于冠气温差的阿克苏地区红枣水分亏缺诊断及预测,提出以冠气温差作为水分亏缺指标,指导阿克苏地区红枣的精准灌溉。【方法】采用红外测温仪测得枣树各生育阶段冠气温差,结合采集的土壤相对含水量RSW、冠层净辐射值R n、风速V、空气温度T a和湿度RH,以彭曼公式为理论模型,分析红枣冠气温差与土壤墒情及气象因子的关系,并以红枣各生育期适宜的土壤相对含水量上限值对应的冠气温差作为水分亏缺的判断指标。【结果】红枣各生育期晴天ΔT随时间表现出单峰抛物线关系,阴天ΔT随时间表现出多峰曲线关系,阴天日ΔT绝对值明显低于晴天日,ΔT峰值均出现在13:00~14:00;ΔT与RSW、R n、V、Ta及RH的多元线性回归分析表明,RSW和Rn与ΔT有明显的相关关系,其他因素不显著;考虑RSW和R n的ΔT回归模型表达式为ΔT=4.8-11.7RSW+0.003R n,只考虑RSW的ΔT回归模型表达式为ΔT=5.5-12.2RSW。【结论】阿克苏地区红枣萌芽期和展叶期临界冠气温差为-2.43℃,开花期和幼果膨大期临界-3.04℃,果实成熟期临界冠气温差为-1.82℃,当晴天日14∶00实测冠气温差高于对应生育期的临界冠气温差时,需灌溉,否则不需要灌溉。【Objective】In view of the problem that it is difficult to monitor accurately the water deficit of jujube in Aksu area,this paper aims to suggest that the canopy-air temperature differential is taken as the index of water deficit,which has certain guiding significance for the follow-up follow-up irrigation research of Aksu jujube.【Method】The canopy-air temperature differential of jujube at different growth stages was measured by infrared thermometer,combined with the collected relative soil water content(RSW),crown net radiation value(Rn),wind speed(V),air temperature(Ta)and humidity(RH),the relationship between canopy-air temperature differential of jujube and soil moisture and meteorological factors were explored based on Penman's formula,and the canopy-air temperature differential corresponding to the upper limit of soil relative water content suitable for jujube trees in each growing period was taken as the judgment index of water deficit.【Result】There was a single peak parabolic relationship on sunny days,and a multi-peak curve relationship on cloudy days,the absolute value of canopy-air temperature differential in cloudy days was significantly lower than that in sunny days,ΔT peak appears between 13:00 and 14:00;multivariate linear regression analysis ofΔT and RSW,Rn,V,Ta and RH shows that RSW and Rn were significantly correlated,but other factors were not significant;regression model expression considering RSW and Rn wasΔT=4.8-11.7RSW+0.003R n,regression model expression considering RSW only wasΔT=5.5-12.2RSW.【Conclusion】The critical canopy-air temperature differential of jujube trees in Aksu area was-2.43℃at germination and leaf development stages,-3.04℃at flowering and young fruit expansion stages,and-1.82℃at fruit ripening stage,irrigation was needed when the measured canopy temperature difference was higher than the critical canopy-air temperature differential of the corresponding growth period on sunny days at 14:00 noontime.

关 键 词：成龄红枣 冠气温差 土壤墒情 气象因子 缺水诊断 回归方程 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]