黑格尔(Symphysodon discus Heckel)×松石七彩神仙鱼(Symphysodon discus Turquoise)杂交后代的遗传变异  

Genetic Variation of Heckel(Symphysodon discus Heckel) and Turquoise Discus(Symphysodon discus Turquoise) Hybrid Progeny

作　　者：鲁凯 高建忠[1] 温彬 陈再忠[1] Lu Kai;Gao Jianzhong;Wen Bin;Chen Zaizhong(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai,201306)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室水产种质资源开发利用教育部重点实验室上海水产动物遗传育种协同创新研究中心

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2019年第11期4951-4960,共10页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：七彩神仙鱼产业化培育关键技术体系研究(沪农科种字(2015)第19号)项目资助

摘　　要：以雄性黑格尔七彩神仙(Symphysodon discus Heckel)和雌性松石七彩神仙(S.discus Turquoise)为亲本进行杂交,获得两种表现型的杂交F1代,一种继承了亲本的花纹与黑色纵带(全色花纹组),一种仅继承了黑色纵带(黑色花纹组)。对该杂交F1代及其亲本的形态特征和5S rDNA进行研究,根据主成分分析得出全色花纹组与黑色花纹组外形特征相似,尾柄与背鳍两处性状更接近松石,下颌骨末端到臀鳍起点之间长度更接近黑格尔;松石、全色花纹组和黑色花纹组的5S rDNA长度210 bp,黑格尔具有210 bp和300 bp两种5S rDNA,包括编码区和非编码区(NTS),编码区长度均为120 bp,全色花纹组偏向黑格尔,黑色花纹组偏向松石,杂交子代序列具有明显的重组和突变特征,是品种改良和新品系形成的遗传基础。本研究证明了F1代在体型参数和遗传基因方面都与其亲本有本质区别,是一种有杂种特性的后代。该杂交品种的研究对七彩神仙鱼新品系、纯系和种鱼筛选标准的建立具有重要意义。Two phenotypes of F1 hybrids was obtained by hybridization with Symphysodon discus Heckel(male Hegel)and S.discus Turquoise(female),as parents,in which one inherited the pattern of parents and black longitudinal band(Color pattern group for short)and another one only inherited black vertical belt(Black pattern group for short).According to principal component analysis,we can reach a conclusion that the appearance characteristics of Color pattern group and Black pattern group were similar,the characters of caudate and dorsal fin were closer to pine stone,and the length between the end of the mandible and the starting point of the gluteal fin is closer to Hegel.by the study of the morphological characteristics and 5S ribosomal genes of the hybrid F1 generation and its parents;The 5s rDNA length of Color pattern group and Black pattern group is 210 bp,and that of Hegel’s 5s rDNA is 210 bp and 300 bp.The five 5s rDNA include coding region and non-coding region,in which the length of coding region is 120 bp,Color pattern group biased to Hegel and Black pattern group biased to pine stone.Hybrid progeny sequence has obvious recombination and mutation characteristics,which is the genetic basis of variety improvement and formation of new lines.This study proved that F1 generation has essential differences with its parents in terms of somatotype parameters and genetic genes,and is a kind of offspring with hybrid characteristics,which is of great significance in the establishment of new lines of discus fish,the establishment of pure lines and the establishment of screening criteria for fish species.

关 键 词：七彩神仙鱼 杂交 形态特征 5S rDNA 遗传变异 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]