不同燃料类型锅炉羰基化合物的排放特征  

Characteristics of carbonyl compounds from boilers fired different types of fuel

作　　者：姚倩 沈丽冉 张春林 白莉[2] 黄江荣 刘军[2] 杨军 王好 王伯光 YAO Qian;SHEN Li-ran;ZHANG Chun-lin;BAI Li;HUANG Jiang-rong;LIU Jun;YANG Jun;WANG Hao;WANG Bo-guang(Institute for Environmental and Climate Research,Jinan University,Guangzhou 511436,China;Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center,Guangzhou 510308,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学环境与气候研究院,广东广州511436 [2]广东省环境监测中心,广东广州510308

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2020年第2期573-581,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0213904);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41403115);广东省环保公益项目(GDEMC-2015-1)。

摘　　要：为探究不同燃料类型锅炉羰基化合物排放特征,选取以煤、生物质、石油焦和天然气为燃料的14台工业锅炉和2台燃煤电站锅炉作为研究对象,采用气袋-PFPH衍生-GC/MS方法采集和分析烟气中的21种羰基化合物.结果表明,不同燃料类型锅炉烟气中羰基化合物呈现明显差异(One-way ANOVA,F=4.458,P=0.028<0.05),其中羰基化合物质量浓度(9%基准氧量)排序是石油焦>电站锅炉>煤>天然气>生物质,分别为(6306.25±1335.35),(5745.96±2864.62),(4784.85±1698.20),(3589.51±1534.676),(1341.18±616.46)μg/m3.不同燃料类型的锅炉烟气中羰基化合物组分特征有明显差异性,但甲醛、乙醛、丙酮和丙醛等低分子量的羰基化合物均占比较大,燃石油焦、燃煤电站、燃煤、燃天然气和燃生物质锅炉中低碳羰基化合物总占比分别达到87.56%,91.36%,92.94%,78.70%和45.84%.最后,采用最大增量反应活性(MIR)和OH消耗速率评价烟气中羰基化合物物种的化学反应活性,结果表明,甲醛、丙醛、乙醛等低碳羰基化合物为关键活性物种.To explore the emission characteristics of carbonyl compounds(CCs)from boilers with different fuel types,the exhausts from the stacks of 14industrial boilers,whose fuel type included coal,biomass,petroleum coke and natural gas,and 2coal-fired utility boilers were sampled in the study.21CCs were analyzed by a PFPH-derivatization-GC/MS method.The results showed that the composition of CCs in the exhausts varied significantly among different fuel types of boilers(One-way ANOVA,F=4.458,P=0.028<0.05).The total mass concentration of CCs(based on 9%oxygen content)was ranked as petroleum-coke-fired boilers>coal-fired utility boilers>coal-fired industrial boilers>gas-fired boilers>biomass-fired boilers,with the total mass concentrations of(6306.25±1335.35),(5745.96±2864.62),(5313.57±2959.36),(2461.38±1052.35),and(1341.18±616.46)μg/m3,respectively.Furthermore,among all types of boilers,low-molecular-mass-weight CCs,(e.g.formaldehyde,aldehyde,acetone and propanal)were the most important contributors to the total CCs of the exhaust,which occupied 87.56%,91.36%,92.94%,78.70%,and 45.84%in the exhausts of petroleum-coke-fired,coal-fired utility,coal-fired industrial,gas-fired boilers and biomass-fired boilers,respectively.At last,ozone formation potential(OFP)was evaluated by maximum incremental reactivity(MIR)and total hydroxyl radical(OH)reactivity by CCs,respectively,revealing that formaldehyde,propionaldehyde,acetaldehyde are the key species with high OFP and(OH)reactivity.

关 键 词：工业锅炉 羰基化合物 生物质燃烧 燃煤 电站锅炉 

分 类 号：X701.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]