黄土高原丘陵区枣和酸枣叶脉序特征分析  

Analyses of leaf venation traits of cultivated and wild jujubes in hilly region of Loess Plateau

作　　者：李晓鹏 李新岗[2] Li Xiaopeng;Li Xingang(Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics,Lanzhou,Gansu 730020,China;College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州财经大学,甘肃兰州730020 [2]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2019年第6期29-36,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2017A-046);国家“十二五”科技支撑课题(2013BAD14B03-03)

摘　　要：为了研究枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)和酸枣(Z.jujuba var.spinosa)叶脉序的关系,选用黄土高原丘陵枣区的枣(55个)、酸枣(28个)和过渡型(7个)共计90个样品,利用LEAF GUI叶脉序分析技术,测定了叶脉密度(VLA)、叶脉间距离(IVD)和节点数(Nodes)等14个指标,主成分分析选出8个枣叶脉序特征指标,研究了枣和酸枣叶脉序指标特点及特征。结果表明,在干旱、贫瘠生境中生长的酸枣,其叶脉间距离(0.094 mm)、网眼面积(2.84×10-4 mm 2)和节点数(17823个)都显著低于黄土高原丘陵区枣园栽培条件下的枣(p<0.05),而酸枣的叶脉密度(7.14 mm·mm-2)显著高于栽培条件下的枣,表现出很高的生态适应性。并且,枣叶脉序特征指标的变异系数范围(15.24%~74.69%)大于酸枣(20.37%~52.84%)。因此,枣和酸枣可以通过权衡叶脉序指标之间的关系,采取不同的适应策略。酸枣相比枣,更倾向于选择高叶脉密度、低网眼面积、低节点数的适应策略。对陕北样品聚类分析,在相似系数为1.8时,分为I、II两大类群;对黄土高原丘陵区的样品聚类分析,在1.69时,分为I、II两大类群,分别为酸枣和枣,过渡型在两个类群中都有。说明酸枣经过渡型向枣的演化,也说明叶脉序可以区分枣和酸枣。而栽培枣被分为4个类群,相似系数为1.29,种间结构较为复杂,是由长期的人工选择和营养繁殖模式所决定。To further understand the relationship between leaf venation traits and diversities of cultivated and wild jujubes,a total of 90 jujube accessions were collected in hilly jujube region on Loess Plateau,including 55 cultivated jujube(Ziziphus jujube Mill.),28 indigenous wild jujube(Z.jujuba var.spinosa),and 7 transitional accessions.These accessions had been analyzed for their leaf venation traits with 14 parameters of leaf vein and areole through the software of LEAF GUI.Eight characteristic indexes suitable for studying the venation of jujube leaves were screened out using principal component analysis,and the characteristics of leaf venation and differences of the cultivated jujube,wild jujube,and transitional accessions were analyzed.The results showed that wild jujube growing in arid and barren habitats had significantly higher values of VLA(7.14 mm·mm-2);significantly lower values of vein distance(0.094 mm),areole area(2.84×10-4 mm 2),number of node(17823)than cultivated jujubes in jujube garden in hilly region of Loess Plateau.This indicated that wild jujubes had stronger ecological adaptability.Meanwhile,the variation coefficient range of jujube leaf venation(15.24%~74.69%)was wider than that of wild jujube(20.37%~52.84%).Hence,cultivated and wild jujubes could take different adaptation strategies after judging the relationships among leaf venation characteristics.Compared with jujube,wild jujube was inclined to choose adaptive strategies with high vein density,low areole area,and low nodes.Dengrogram of neighbor-joining clustering analysis of jujube accessions sampled in northern Shaanxi showed that when the similarity coefficient between the two major clusters,I and II,was 1.8,but for jujube accessions sampled in Hilly Region of Loess Plateau it was 1.69.The clusters I and II was designated as wild and cultivated jujube groups,respectively.The transitional type appeared in both clusters I and II.Therefore,the evolution of wild jujube through transitional type to cultivated jujube was further explained.I

关 键 词：枣 酸枣 叶脉序 特征指标 黄土高原丘陵区 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]