灌溉和生草对猕猴桃园土壤质量的影响  

Effects of irrigation and grass on soil quality in kiwifruit orchard

作　　者：汪星 陆静[2] 樊会芳 高志永 郭旭新[2] 赵英[2] WANG Xing;LU Jing;FAN Huifang;GAO Zhiyong;GUO Xuxin;ZHAO Ying(School of Agriculture,Ningxi University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;Department of Water Conservancy,Yangling Vocational&Technological College,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an Universityof Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]杨凌职业技术学院水利工程分院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2019年第6期101-107,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：陕西省GEF(中国-全球环境)专题;陕西省林业厅项目(陕林策字[2017]120号);杨凌职业技术学院自然科学研究基金(A2018015)

摘　　要：为探明灌溉和生草对猕猴桃园土壤质量的影响,于2016—2017年在陕西省眉县猕猴桃园试验地分别布设地面灌溉+除草(Ⅰ)、地面灌溉+自然生草(Ⅱ)、滴灌+除草(Ⅲ)和滴灌+自然生草(Ⅳ)4种处理,对试验地0~50 cm土层的土壤机械组成、物理和化学性质进行了统计分析,并利用土壤质量综合指数对土壤质量进行了评价,结果表明:与其他处理相比,Ⅲ处理使0~30 cm土层土壤容重和砂粒质量分数分别降低了0.02~0.24g·cm-3和0.36%~5.25%,使土壤孔隙度、田间持水量、黏粒质量分数和土壤粒径分形维数分别增大了0.17%~7.17%、0.59%~2.53%、0.99%~7.15%和0.01~0.13;Ⅳ处理在0~30 cm土层中的速效磷和碱解氮与Ⅰ、Ⅱ处理无差异,显著高于Ⅲ处理10.75~109.55 mg·kg-1和20.74~78.91 mg·kg-1(P<0.05),可使0~50 cm土层的速效钾、速效磷和碱解氮分别达到猕猴桃施肥标准的丰富、中等及中等水平;与其他处理相比,Ⅳ处理可使0~50 cm土层土壤黏粒质量分数增加了1.21%~2.66%,土壤粉粒质量分数减少了0.81%~1.41%,使土壤分形维数显著增加(P<0.05),土壤质量综合指数最大,达0.619。因此,滴灌+自然生草(Ⅳ)的管理方式是猕猴桃园土地可持续性利用的有效措施。In order to explore the effects of irrigation and grass on soil quality in kiwifruit orchard,surface irrigation+weed control(I),surface irrigation+natural grass(II),drip+weed control(III),and drip irrigation+natural grass(IV)treatments were set up in the kiwifruit orchard in Meixian county,Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2017.The mechanical composition and physical and chemical properties of the soil in 0~50 cm soil layer in the test site were statistically analyzed,and the soil quality of 4 treatments was evaluated with the soil quality index.The results showed that compared with other treatments,treatment III reduced soil bulk density and sand grain mass fraction of 0~30 cm soil layer by 0.02~0.24 g·cm-3 and 0.36%~5.25%,respectively,and also increased soil porosity,field capacity,clay grain mass fraction,and soil particle-size distributions by 0.17%~7.17%,0.59%~2.53%,0.99%~7.15%,and 0.01~0.13,respectively;There was no difference in available phosphorus and alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in 0~30 soil layer between treatment IV and treatments I and II,but it was significantly higher than that of treatment III 10.75~109.55 mg·kg-1 and 20.74~78.91 mg·kg-1(P<0.05).The available potassium,available phosphorus,and alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in 0~50 cm soil layer of treatment IV reached the rich,medium,and medium levels of fertilization for kiwifruit.Compared with other treatments,treatment IV increased soil clay mass fraction by 1.21%~2.66%and particle-size distributions,and decreased soil powder mass fraction by 0.81%~1.41%(P<0.05).In addition,the soil quality index of treatment IV was the largest value of 0.619.Therefore,drip irrigation+natural grass(IV)was an effective measure for sustainable utilization of land in kiwifruit orchard.

关 键 词：猕猴桃园 灌溉 生草 土壤质量 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S158[农业科学—农业工程]