北疆超晚冬播小麦高产生育规律及干物质积累研究  

Study on the growth regularity of high yield and dry matter accumulation of the extremely-late winter sown wheat in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：薛丽华[1] 王铜 李磊[2] 周芳芝[3] 王欢 苏文平 章建新[2] XUE Lihua;WANG Tong;LI Lei;ZHOU Fangzhi;WANG Huan;Su Wenping;ZHANG Jianxin(Grain Crops Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Moyu Test Station,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hetian 848100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆农业科学院墨玉农业实验站,新疆和田848100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2019年第6期153-159,165,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760364);新疆自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费项目(KY2017076);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项项目(kjkcpy-003)

摘　　要：为探明北疆超晚冬播小麦高产生育特性和干物质积累分配规律,2016—2018年采用裂区设计研究了3个超晚冬播处理(B 0、B 1、B 2)与春播处理(B 3)对新春6号、新春27号、新春29号、新春43号的生育特性、叶面积指数、干物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明:超晚播小麦比春小麦(B 3)早出苗13~24 d、早成熟7~9 d,延长生育期2~18 d,增加穗粒数1.6%~45.5%、增加千粒重9.4%~19.5%;降低基本苗数15.6%~60.0%、总茎数峰值5.4%~24.2%、成穗数21.3%~36.7%、叶面积指数峰值25.7%~37.7%,可增加干物质积累质量4.4%~44.1%,提高经济系数6.4%~21.5%,增加产量11.4%~21.2%。各品种超晚冬播处理以11月初播种(B 2)产量较高。其中,新春27号B 2获得产量7852.8 kg·hm^-2,生育期较春小麦延长13 d,早熟9 d;基本苗数270万株·hm^-2、成穗数441.7万穗·hm^-2,最高叶面积指数4.6,干物质积累质量17685.7 kg·hm^-2,经济系数为0.47。新春27号在11月初播种,播量为1000万粒·hm^-2,可获得产量7852.8 kg·hm^-2。In order to investigate characteristics of growth and dry matter accumulation and distribution of high yield wheat under extremely-late winter sowing in the Northern Xinjiang.In 2016-2018,a split-plot experiment design was used to study the effects of sowing date treatment of three extremely-late winter sowing(B 0,B 1,and B 2)and spring sowing(B 3)on the growth characteristics,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,and yield of the Xinchun 6,Xinchun 27,Xinchun 29,and Xinchun 43.The results showed that compared with spring wheat(B 3),extremely-late sowed winter wheat emerged seedling 13~24 d earlier,matured 7~9 d earlier,extended growth period 2~18 d,increased grain number per ear by 1.6%~45.5%and 1000-grain weight by 9.4%~19.5%;reduced basic seedling number by 15.6%~60.0%,highest stem by 5.4%~24.2%,ear number by 21.3%~36.7%,and peak of leaf area index by 25.7%~37.7%;increased dry matter quality by 4.4%~44.1%,economic coefficient by 6.4%~21.5%,and yield by 11.4%~21.2%.Among of them,the yield of B 2 treatment was higher in early November and the yield of Xinchun27(B 2)was 7852.8 kg·hm^-2 and the growth period was 13 days longer than that of spring wheat,and the maturity was 9 days earlier,and basic seedling number 270×104 with spike number of 441.7×104,maximum leaf area index of 4.6,dry matter accumulation mass of 17685.7 kg·hm^-2,and economic coefficient of 0.47.The Xinchun 27 was sown in early November,with a sowing density of 1000×104 grains·hm-2,and yield attained 7852.8 kg·hm^-2.

关 键 词：小麦 超晚冬播 播期 春小麦 生育特性 干物质量 

分 类 号：S352.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S512.1[农业科学—农艺学]