施肥对小麦、玉米和大豆连作土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响  

Effects of fertilization on soil microbial community and functional diversity under continuous cropping of wheat, maize and soybean

作　　者：严君[1] 韩晓增[1] 陈旭[1] 邹文秀[1] 陆欣春[1] 郝翔翔[1] YAN Jun;HAN Xiaozeng;CHEN Xu;ZOU Wenxiu;LU Xinchun;HAO Xiangxiang(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,CAS,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2019年第6期171-177,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41671299,41807085);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划(GA19B101,GA19B105);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-04)

摘　　要：为了明确长期施肥和不施肥条件下作物连作对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,以典型黑土为研究对象,选取长期定位实验站长期施肥和不施肥条件下的小麦、玉米和大豆连作处理,通过稀释平板法和Biolog Eco微平板法,测定土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量、碳源代谢活性等指标,为建立合理的农田管理措施提供数据支撑和理论依据。结果表明:长期施肥条件下大豆、小麦和玉米连作土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均高于不施肥处理,且均以大豆连作处理细菌和真菌数量最高。不施肥条件下小麦和玉米连作土壤细菌总数较大豆连作处理分别下降了24.8%和31.0%,真菌总数分别下降了64.0%和51.2%;施肥条件下小麦和玉米连作土壤细菌总数则较大豆连作处理分别下降了29.0%和45.5%,真菌总数分别下降了26.7%和31.5%。Biolog结果表明,不施肥条件下小麦连作处理的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)高于玉米和大豆连作处理,施肥条件下则是大豆连作处理的AWCD值高于小麦和玉米连作处理。不施肥条件下大豆、玉米和小麦连作处理利用最多的碳源是碳水化合物类,施肥后不同连作处理利用最多的是碳水化合物类和多聚物类。大豆和小麦连作不施肥条件下土壤微生物利用率最高的碳源均是α-D-乳糖,施肥条件下利用率最高的碳源均是D,L-α-甘油,而不论施肥与否,玉米连作条件下土壤微生物利用率最高的碳源均是D-半乳糖醛酸;葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐和γ-羟基丁酸是农田黑土微生物群落特异利用的关键碳源。主成分分析得出,施肥对土壤微生物碳源代谢能力的影响大于作物的影响。In order to determine the effect of continuous cropping on the functional diversity of soil microbial community under the condition of long-term fertilization and non-fertilization.A typical black soil with the treatments of continuous cropping of wheat,maize,and soybean under long-term fertilization and non-fertilization from long-term position experimental station were selected as the research object in this study.Dilution plate method and Biolog Eco microplate method were used to determine the counts of soil bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes and carbon metabolism,which benefit for built the optimal management.The results showed that the number of bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes in continuous cropping of soybean,wheat,and maize was higher under fertilization treatments than that under non-fertilization treatments,and the highest counts of bacteria and fungi were observed under the soybean continuous cropping.The counts of bacteria under the treatments with wheat and maize continuous cropping decreased by 24.8%and 31.0%,the number of fungi decreased by 64.0%and 51.2%respectively than the treatments with soybean continuous cropping under the condition of no-fertilization.While the counts of bacteria under wheat and maize continuous cropping decreased by 29.0%and 45.5%,the counts of fungi decreased by 26.7%and 31.5%,respectively,under the fertilization.The results of Biolog showed that the average well color development(AWCD)of wheat continuous cropping was higher than that of maize and soybean continuous cropping,and that of soybean continuous cropping was higher than that of wheat and maize continuous cropping.Carbohydrate was the most utilized carbon source in soybean,maize,and wheat continuous cropping under the no-fertilization,while carbohydrate and polymer were the most utilized in different continuous cropping systems after fertilization.In the soybean and wheat continuous cropping,α-D-lactose was the most efficient carbon source with no fertilization,while D,l-α-glycerin was the most efficient carbon so

关 键 词：微生物群落 功能多样性 连作 平均颜色变化率 碳源代谢 施肥 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]