中国大陆地区基于太阳辐射经验值计算ET0的适用性研究  

Applicability of the empirical value of solar radiation in estimation of ET0 in China's Mainland

作　　者：夏兴生 朱秀芳[2,3] 潘耀忠 张锦水 XIA Xingsheng;ZHU Xiufang;PAN Yaozhong;ZHANG Jinshui(State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100875,China;State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学遥感科学国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学地理科学学部遥感科学与工程研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2019年第6期221-230,共10页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家高分辨率对地观测系统(民用部分)重大专项;“十三五”国家重点研发专项(2018YFC1504603);中国人民财产保险股份有限公司灾害研究基金(2017D24-03)

摘　　要：太阳辐射是利用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith(PM)公式计算参考作物需水量(ET 0)的必要参数。为了探究PM公式在辐射数据缺失的条件下,利用FAO推荐的公式及参数获得太阳辐射值(R s_c)替代观测值(R s_o)在中国大陆地区的适用性,本研究选用了中国大陆112个站点至少15 a的多年月平均观测数据,通过逐点计算分析了R s_c和R s_o的时空差异及二者分别输入PM公式获得的参考作物需水量ET 0_c和ET 0_o的时空差异。结果表明,R s_c与R s_o存在显著的时空差异性,二者相对差值范围为-2.86~4.41 MJ·m-2·d-1,且在4—8月份差异较大;大致以“胡焕庸线”为界,线西北区域R s_c与R s_o的时空差异相对较小,且稳定,线东南区域的时空差异较大,且不稳定。但是,基于二者计算的ET 0_c和ET 0_o时空差异却不显著,平均只有0.06~0.26 mm·d-1的误差;“胡焕庸线”西北地区的ET 0_c和ET 0_o绝对差值常年稳定在0.00~0.25 mm·d-1,“胡焕庸线”线东南地区则随季节而变化,夏季差异相对较大。在实际的应用中,西北地区全年和北方地区春、秋、冬三季以及长江、珠江流域所覆盖的南方地区在1、2、10、11、12月使用R s_c替代R s_o获得ET 0具有较好的适用性,北方地区的夏季、南方地区的3—9月份使用R s_c计算ET 0则必须研究相应的方法对结果进行矫正,否则会有误差,且偏大。Radiation parameters are essential for calculating reference crop evapotranspiration(ET 0)by using Penman-Monteith(PM)formula recommended by FAO.To explore the applicability of using the FAO recommended formula for radiation parameter(R s_c)instead of observations(R s_o)in PM formula under the condition of lacking radiation parameters,this study used multi-year monthly average observation data of 112 stations,that each station has at least 15 years of data.The spatiotemporal difference between R s_c and R s_o,and ET 0_c and ET 0_o which obtained by PM formula input of R s_c and R s_o,respectively,by point-by-point was analyzed.The results showed that R s_c and R s_o had significant spatial-temporal differences,and the relative difference between them ranged from-2.86 to 4.41 MJ·m-2·d-1,which were larger from April to August.Taking Hu Huanyong Line as the boundary,the spatial-temporal difference in the northwest region of the line was relatively small and stable,while the spatial-temporal difference in the southeast region of the line was relatively large and unstable.However,the spatial-temporal difference of the ET 0_c and ET 0_o calculated by R s_c and R s_o,respectively,was not significant,only 0.06~0.26 mm·d-1.The absolute difference value between ET 0_c and ET 0_o was stable in 0~0.25 mm·d-1 in northwest of Hu Huanyong Line.The difference in southeast region of the line changed with the season,and the difference in summer was relatively large.In actual application,using R s_c instead of R s_o to obtain ET 0 had a good applicability in the northwest region within a year and also the north region in spring,autumn,winter and the Yangtze river-Pearl river basin(the southern region)in months,Jan.,Feb.,Oct.,Nov.and Dec.If R s_c was used to calculate ET 0 in summer of the north region and from March to September of the south region,corresponding methods must be studied to correct the results.Otherwise,there will be relatively large errors.

关 键 词：PENMAN-MONTEITH公式 太阳辐射 参考作物需水量 差异性分析 中国 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]