民国时期农民离村问题研究——以20世纪二三十年代苏南为中心的考察  

Research on the Problem of Farmers Going into Cities During Republic of China:A Case Study of Southern Jiangsu in 1920s and 1930s

作　　者：冯成杰 Feng Chengjie

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2019年第6期106-114,共9页Agricultural Archaeology

摘　　要：20世纪二三十年代,农民离村成为中国乡村社会的普遍现象,引起中国社会各界的广泛关注,并被视作严重的社会问题与农村衰落的重要标志。苏南农民离村的形态反映出历史的复杂面相。它是处在经济社会转型时期的苏南地区出现的正常现象,是时代发展的趋势。苏南农民离村问题并不严重,一般是在农村出现劳动力过剩后,仅靠农业生产无法维持家庭各项开支,而城乡二元经济体制为农民离村创造了条件。农民离村促进了迁出地与流入地经济社会的发展,使沉重的人口压力得以纾解,从而支撑起过密化的小农社会。In the 1920s and 1930s, the departure of farmers from villages became a common phenomenon in China’s rural society, which attracted extensive attention from all walks of life in China and was viewed as an important symbol of serious social problems and the decline of rural society. The farmers’ going to cities in South Jiangsu reflected the complexity of history, though a normal phenomenon for following the trend of times in southern Jiangsu during the economic and social transition period of China. The problem of farmers leaving the villages in southern Jiangsu wasn’t serious, which generally took place after the emergence of surplus labor in rural areas, or when agricultural production couldn’t maintain the expenditure of farmers, and the dual economic system between urban and rural areas provided conditions for farmers to move away from the villages. Farmers leaving village promoted the development of economic and social development of the emigration and inflow areas, relieved the heavy population pressure, thus supporting and over-densified peasant society.

关 键 词：20世纪二三十年代 苏南 农民离村 劳力过剩 城乡二元经济体制 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]