“女性之虹”——1977美国国际妇女年大会的多样性与统一性  

“A Rainbow of Women” Diversity and Unity at the 1977 U.S. International Women’s Year Conference

作　　者：多林·J.马丁里 杰西卡·L.纳雷 钱亚萍(译) 李平(译) 王丹凝(审) Doreen J.Mattingly;Jessica L.Nare

机构地区：[1]美国圣地亚哥大学(University of San Diego)女性学系 [2]不详 [3]中华女子学院外语系 [4]中国人民大学外国语学院,100101

出　　处：《中华女子学院学报》2020年第1期94-107,共14页Journal of China Women＇s University

基　　金：中国人民大学2019年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划成果;中国人民大学重大规划项目“西方后现代主义小说总论”（项目批准号：16XNLG01）;中华女子学院2019年度校级重点科研课题“美国现当代女性文学后女性主义表征研究”（项目编号：KY2019-0204）的阶段性成果

摘　　要：1977纪念国际妇女年(International Women’s Year)全国妇女大会在诸多方面均标志着美国第二波女权主义已进入鼎盛时期,大会制定的《行动计划》是对女权运动理念的详尽声明。大会对反女权激进运动的发展、提升其可见度亦发挥了重要作用,把既是与会者又是《行动计划》起草者的有色人种女性和女同性恋者吸纳其中之举意义重大。2000余名代表构成的多元群体齐聚一堂,就27项建议纲领中的26项达成一致,这足以令世界瞩目,亦将一幅女权主义者同结一心的图画展现于美国民众面前。本文对大会的多样性及表面统一性的成因加以剖析,认为两大因素尤为关键:其一,反女权主义者所发出的威胁信号推动了女同性恋者的参会,使女权拥护者的反对之声最小化的策略得以形成;其二,众多华盛顿女权主义领导人全力支持广开言路,孜孜不倦于召开一个各色女性齐参与的盛会。与20世纪70年代末第二波女权运动中包容性政治相关的重要历史细节将在文中一一披露。The 1977 National Women’s Conference in Observance of International Women’s Year(IWY) was in many ways the zenith of U.S. second-wave feminism,producing a Plan of Action that remains a comprehensive statement of the movement’s ideals. It also played an important role in the growth and visibility of anti-feminist activism. The conference accomplished meaningful inclusion of women of color and lesbians,both as participants and as authors of the Plan. Notably,this diverse group of over 2000 delegates agreed on twenty-six of twenty-seven proposed planks,presenting the U.S. public with an image of feminist unity. In this article the authors examine the factors that contributed to both the diversity of the conference and its apparent unity. They argue that two factors were particularly important.First,the threat of anti-feminists motivated lesbian participation and contributed to strategies that minimized dissent among supporters of women’s rights. Second,many of the Washington feminists in leadership positions were committed to inclusion and worked to achieve a diverse conference. The article provides important historical detail about the politics of inclusion within second-wave feminism in the late 1970 s.

关 键 词：美国国际妇女年 女权主义 女权运动 多样性 统一性 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]