守成国与崛起国的贸易摩擦——基于中美和日美贸易摩擦的比较分析  

Trade Frictions between Established Power and Rising Powers —— A Comparative Analysis of Sino-US and Japan-US Trade Frictions

作　　者：刘彬 明元鹏 陈伟光 LIU Bin;MING Yuanpeng;CHEN Weiguang(Guangdong University of Foreign Studies)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学广东国际战略研究院

出　　处：《国际贸易》2019年第12期12-18,共7页Intertrade

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“提高中国在全球经济治理中的制度性话语权研究”(15ZDC038);教育部创新团队发展计划滚动支持项目“中国参与全球经济治理机制与战略选择”(IRT_17R26)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：美国在不同时期分别对日本和中国挑起贸易摩擦,实施贸易保护政策,更多是基于中日两国对其霸权地位的威胁。贸易逆差只是大国引起贸易摩擦的表面原因,更深层次的原因是守成国与崛起国之间的权力之争,尤其体现为高科技领域上的竞争;同时,引起贸易摩擦也是守成国转移国内矛盾的重要方式。由于中日两国政治地位差异,与美国政治关系不同,本国市场纵深不同,中、日两国应对贸易摩擦时也采取了不同的策略;而全球产业链的变化决定了两次贸易摩擦对世界经济的溢出效应也不同。面对贸易摩擦,我们要坚持深化改革,实现高水平开放,提高金融系统应对风险的能力,保证经济增长;充分利用广阔的国内市场,深化周边经贸合作,通过“一带一路”不断深化区域合作;在政治层面,中美双方应维护对话合作机制.保持政策弹性、扩大政策空间、增进两大国互信,共同建设更有包容性的国际秩序,超越争霸思维减少贸易摩擦带来的负面效应。The United States initiated trade frictions and implemented trade protectionism against Japan and China in different periods for the threat of the hegemonic status.The trade deficit is only the superficial cause of trade frictions,and the power struggle between the established and rising powers is the underlying cause,especially in the field of high-tech competition.Meanwhile,the initiation of trade friedons is also an important way for established powers to transfer domestic contradictions.Because of the difference of political status,political relation with the United States and market size,China and Japan have adopted different strategies to deal with trade frictions;and the spillover effects of the two trade frictions on the world economy are also different for the changes in the global industrial chain.In the face of trade frictions,we must persist in deepening reform,achieve high-level opening-up,improve the ability of the financial system to deal with risks,ensure economic growth,make full use of the vast domestic market,deepen regional cooperation through the Belt and Road Initiative.At the political level,China and the United States should keep the mechanism of dialogue and cooperation working,maintain policy flexibility,expand policy space and enhance mutual trust,in order to construct a more inclusive international order beyond zero-sum thinking and reduce the negative effects of trade friction.

关 键 词：贸易摩擦 守成国 崛起国 

分 类 号：F757.12[经济管理—国际贸易] F752.7[经济管理—产业经济] F753.13