科学抽象在中国特色社会主义政治经济学建设中的意义  

Significance of Scientific Abstraction in the Construction of Socialist Political Economics with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：张俊山[1] Zhang Junshan

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院

出　　处：《当代经济研究》2020年第1期35-44,112,共11页Contemporary Economic Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(16AJL001)

摘　　要：科学抽象是马克思主义用来分析认识经济事物及现象的基本方法。经济活动由于其内容的物质多样性、过程的社会性、发展的历史性,只有科学地运用抽象力才能在混沌复杂的经济现象中理出清晰的线索。科学抽象不同于一般的归纳概括,它有自己特有的要求和过程,是在辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义指导下的抽象过程;它要求按照问题的性质适度地抽象,准确把握研究对象;抽象的过程是沿着事物发展转化的逻辑进行反思;在抽象过程中要抓所关注问题的关键,舍弃当前的非关键问题;科学抽象的工具是反映人类思维规律的各种思维形式;语言表达仍是科学抽象过程及结果的基本表达方式。在中国特色社会主义政治经济学的建设中,科学地运用抽象力极为重要,首先是坚持对生产关系的分析,坚持阶级分析,对现实的经济运动做出科学抽象;其次,要用科学的概念、科学的认识驱逐各种流行的庸俗观念,增强中国特色社会主义政治经济学的科学性;最后,培养科学抽象的能力是当前经济学教育中的迫切要求,有助于启发学生思维、突破数学化对学生思想的禁锢。Scientific abstraction is the basic method used by Marxism to analyze and understand economic things and phenomena.Due to the material diversity of contents,the sociality of processes,and the historicity of development of economic activities,we can only draw clear clues amid the chaotic and complex economic phenomena through scientific use of abstract power.Different from general generalization,scientific abstraction has its own unique requirements and processes,and is an abstract process guided by dialectical materialism and historical materialism.It requires modest abstraction according to the nature of problems and accurate understanding of research objects.The abstraction process is to reflect with the logic of development and transformation of things.In the abstraction process,it is necessary to grasp the key of the concerns and abandon the current non-critical issues.The tools of scientific abstraction are various forms of thinking that reflect the laws of human thinking,and language expression is still the basic expression for the scientific abstraction process and results.In the construction of socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics,it is extremely important to use abstract power scientifically.We should first adhere to analysis of production relations,class analysis,and scientific abstraction of realistic economic movements.Secondly,we should use scientific concepts and understanding to expel various popular vulgar ideas and enhance the scientific nature of socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics.Finally,it is urgently required in the current economics education to cultivate the competence of scientific abstraction,which helps inspire students’thinking and break through the restriction of students’thinking imposed by mathematization.

关 键 词：科学抽象的方法 抽象力 中国特色社会主义政治经济学 叙述方式 

分 类 号：F04[经济管理—政治经济学]