中国古代小说传、记二体的源流与叙事意义  

The Origin and Significance of Biography and Record in Ancient Chinese Novels

作　　者：李小龙[1] LI Xiao-long(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2020年第2期4-15,共12页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“中国古典小说命名方式与叙事世界建构之关系研究”(10CZW041)

摘　　要：中国古代小说命名多有标识文体的“体字”,以传、记二字为最。此种传统或袭自由《史记》确立的史书纪传之体,还可追溯到经部注疏中的传体与记体,这种基因也决定了传、记二体的文体差异。在中国古代文言小说中,传体重人,记体重事;故传体以人为主,叙事紧凑,记体列叙事件,结构散漫;传体多单篇,记体多丛集。章回小说在延续文言小说传、记二体各自特点的同时又有新变,由于各种原因,章回小说中传体占优,但因作品篇幅的扩大,传体亦必不能拘于一人之事,从而向记体倾斜;记体最初多为神魔类作品,后亦渐与传体合流。此后的翻译小说与早期新小说仍多笼罩在这一传统之下,随着西方小说文体影响力的日渐深入,这一传统也逐渐消失。Most of the titles of ancient Chinese fictions have suffixes of marked style,record and biography are the most frequently used.This tradition was determined by Sima Qian's Historical Records,which can also be traced back to record and biography in the annotations of the Confucian Classics.It also determined the stylistic differences between these two.In classical Chinese fiction,biography focuses on people,while record focuses on things.Therefore,biography is mainly about people,with compact narrative,narrative events and scattered structure;record is multi-monograph and multi-cluster.Chapter fiction inherited the characteristics of biography and record in classical Chinese fiction with new changes.Though biography is dominant in chapter fiction,it inclines to the Ji because of the expansion of the length of the works.Record gradually converges with biography.With the deepening influences of Western fiction style,this tradition has gradually disappeared.

关 键 词：文言小说 章回小说 书名 传 记 

分 类 号：I207.41[文学—中国文学]