死刑观的认知基础  

The Cognitive Basis of the Death Penalty

作　　者：郭春镇[1] 黄思晗 Guo Chunzhen;Huang Sihan

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院 [2]中国海洋大学法学院

出　　处：《交大法学》2020年第1期47-63,共17页SJTU Law Review

摘　　要：民众对待死刑的态度具有复杂性和可变性,他们的死刑观总体上都可以归于“死刑有威慑力”的功利理性和“死刑适用是否公平”的道义理性。功利理性的认知基础包括威胁感知、死刑威慑作用的估计、当前死刑数量的估计、死刑的经济成本等因素;道义理性的认知基础包括公正世界信念、归因方式、对死刑适用中不公平因素的估计等因素。公众对死刑的态度融合了功利与道义两方面考虑,不同情境下会进行相应的权衡取舍。传统文化中的集体主义和现代社会对社会秩序的强调也融贯在一起,影响着人们对死刑的态度。People's attitudes toward the death penalty are complex and variable.Generally speaking,their views on the death penalty can be attributed to the utilitarian rationality that“the death penalty is deterrent”and the moral rationality of“whether the death penalty is fair”.The cognitive basis of utilitarian rationality includes the threat perception,the estimation of the deterrent effect of the death penalty,the estimation of the current number of death sentences,and the economic costs thereof.Nevertheless,the cognitive basis of moral rationality includes the belief in a just world,attribution methods,and the estimation on the unfairness in the application of the death penalty.The public's attitude toward the death penalty combines the aspects above.People choose between utilitarian rationality and moral rationality in different situations.Moreover,the collectivism in the traditional culture and the emphasis on the social order in modern society also coexist and affect people's attitudes to the death penalty together.

关 键 词：死刑观 功利理性 道义理性 认知偏差 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]