南疆棉区机采种植模式下棉花种植密度研究  

Study on Suitable Planting Density of Cotton under Machine-Picked Planting Mode in South Xinjiang

作　　者：辛明华 王占彪[1] 李小飞 韩迎春[1] 冯璐[1] 王国平[1] 雷亚平[1] 杨北方[1] 邢芳芳[1] 熊世武 范正义[1] 李亚兵[1] Xin Minghua;Wang Zhanbiao;Li Xiaofei;Han Yingchun;Feng Lu;Wang Guoping;Lei Yaping;Yang Beifang;Xing Fangfang;Xiong Shiwu;Fan Zhengyi;Li Yabing(Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Anyang 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2020年第1期46-52,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201906);国家自然科学基金项目(31701389)

摘　　要：为探索南疆机采棉适宜种植密度,以中棉所60为试验材料,于2017-2018年在南疆阿拉尔研究6个不同种植密度(每公顷9.0万、12.0万、15.0万、18.0万、21.0万、24.0万株)对棉花生长发育、冠层、产量及其纤维品质的影响。结果表明,密度对棉花生育期、生长发育、光截获、棉铃分布、产量及其纤维品质均有显著影响。具体为:在行距(66+10)cm机采棉种植模式下,随密度增加,果枝数、叶枝数显著减少,果节长度受到抑制,光截获量增加,棉铃分布向中下部和内部集中,单株成铃数减少,单铃重和霜前花率有所下降,衣分变化不明显。本试验中,每公顷密度(18.0~21.0)万株的各处理产量较高,其中每公顷18.0万株处理的产量最高,两年度平均产量为5943.1 kg/hm^2,且其纤维长度和整齐度适中,马克隆值、断裂比强度以及断裂伸长率最佳;当每公顷密度超过21.0万株时,各测定指标除整齐度和断裂伸长率之外,其余整体呈现下降趋势。本试验条件下,南疆棉区棉花种植密度以每公顷18.0万株较为适宜。To find out suitable planting density for high-yielding and good-quality of cotton under machine-picked planting mode in South Xinjiang,six different density levels( 90 thousand,120 thousand,150 thousand,180 thousand,210 thousand and 240 thousand plants per hectare) were set in Alar,South Xinjiang,using CCRI 60 as the experimental material in 2017-2018. The effects of planting density on cotton growth and development,canopy,yield and fiber quality were studied. The results showed that density affected cotton growth period,growth and development,light interception,boll distribution,yield and fiber quality significantly. Under the planting mode of machine-picked cotton with row spacing as( 66 + 10) cm,with the increase of density,the number of fruiting branches and leaf branches decreased significantly,the fruit node length was restrained,the light interception increased,the cotton boll distribution concentrated to the middle and lower parts and interior,the boll number per plant decreased gradually,the boll weight and pre-frost flowering rate decreased,and the lint percentage changed but not obvious. In this experiment,the yield under the treatments of 180 thousand ~ 210 thousand plants per hectare was higher with the average yield as 5 943. 1 kg/hm^2. In which,the yield of 180 thousand plants per hectare was the highest,the fiber length and uniformity were moderate,and the micronaire value,breaking specific strength and breaking elongation were the best.When the density exceeded 210 thousand plants per hectare,the measured indicators showed downward trends except for the uniformity and elongation at break. Under the experimental conditions,the cotton planting density of 180 thousand plants per hectare was more suitable for the South Xinjiang.

关 键 词：南疆棉区 机采棉花 种植密度 冠层结构 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S562.04[农业科学—作物学]