融贯民商:职务代理的构造逻辑与规范表达——《民法总则》第170条释评  

Blending Civil and Commercial: The Construction Logic and Normative Expression of Job Agent:Commentary on Article 170 of the General Principles of Civil Law

作　　者：杨秋宇[1] Yang Qiuyu

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2020年第1期101-110,共10页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：职务代理是一项传统的商事代理制度。职务代理权源于被代理人的意定授权,但其范围和类型受到法律规定的限制,被代理人承受职务代理行为的效果是法律规定的结果。我国《民法总则》第170条系以民商合一理念为指导,首次在民法典总则编中明确规定了职务代理规范。在制度功能上,该规范有助于统一司法裁判。但基于职务代理制度的商事属性,该条第1款的适用范围需被限缩,与职务代理有关的商事登记制度还需完善,职务代理权类型还需细化。同时,该条第2款是职务代理制度的特殊规范,适用时应注意它与表见代理和普通无权代理的区分。未来可在《商法通则》中通过建构统一的商事登记规范和对职务代理权的类型化处理,完善职务代理制度。The agency in duty is a traditional commercial rule.The right of agency in duty comes from the intended authorization of the agent,its scope and types are restricted by the law,and the effect of the agent’s subjection to agency’s behavior is the result of the law.Article 170 of General Provisions of Civil Code is guided by the concept of unity of civil and commercial law,it’s the first time that the rule of agent in duty is clearly defined in the General Provisions of Civil Code.In terms of institutional functions,this article can help unify Chinese judicial practices.However,based on its commercial nature,the application scope of the first paragraph of the article should be limited,the commercial registration system related to agency in duty needs to be improved,and the type of agents should be refined.At the same time,the second paragraph of the article is a special rule of agency in duty,its differences with the agency by estoppel and unauthorized agency should be noted in the application process.In the future,China can improve the agency in duty through the General Principles of Commercial Law by constructing a unified commercial registration system and classifying the agency rights.

关 键 词：职务代理 制度构造 《民法总则》第170条 《商法通则》 

分 类 号：D913.99[政治法律—民商法学]