基于变功率点跟踪和超级电容器储能协调控制的双馈风电机组一次调频策略  

Primary Frequency Regulation Strategy of Doubly-Fed Wind Turbine Based on Variable Power Point Tracking and Supercapacitor Energy Storage

作　　者：颜湘武 宋子君 崔森 孙颖 李铁成 Yan Xiangwu;Song Zijun;Cui Sen;Sun Ying;Li Tiecheng(Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Microgrid North China Electric Power University Baoding,071003 China;Tangshan Power Supply Company State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co.Ltd Tangshan,100053 China;State Grid Hebei Electric Power Research Institute Shijiazhuang,050021 China)

机构地区：[1]河北省分布式储能与微网重点实验室(华北电力大学),保定071003 [2]国网冀北电力有限公司唐山供电公司,唐山100053 [3]国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,石家庄050021

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2020年第3期530-541,共12页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金（双馈感应风力发电机惯量及一次调频调压控制方法研究）（E2018502134）;国家电网公司总部科技项目（双馈感应风力发电机惯量、阻尼及一次调节方法的研究）（SGHEDK00DYJS1900061）资助

摘　　要：通常双馈风电机组运行在最大功率点跟踪模式下,发电机功率输出难以响应电网频率波动,亦无备用有功功率支撑电网频率控制,风电渗透率的提升使得系统的等效时间常数降低,并且系统频率调节压力增大,从而弃风现象严重。传统超速减载控制通过保留部分有功备用参与系统调频,但存在风电机组发电效益降低、转速调节范围减小及桨距角控制起动频繁等问题。为此提出了基于变功率点跟踪和超级电容器储能协调控制的双馈风电机组一次调频策略,为储能装置在新能源机组渗透率逐渐加大的背景下提供了新的应用思路,同时综合考虑储能装置容量优化配置问题,设计出一套最高放电效率下成本最低的超级电容储能装置。相比传统超速减载控制预留备用容量的一次调频方式,通过经济性评估可知,具有较强的经济优势,仿真分析可得到在源荷随机波动场景下,其发电效益接近于最大功率跟踪模式,明显高于超速减载控制模式,同时还具有明显优于传统超速减载控制的一次频率调节能力,且无需进行桨距角调节。有利于延长变桨系统的寿命,提高其运行的安全性和可靠性。The doubly-fed wind turbine operates in the maximum power point tracking mode and cannot respond to the grid frequency change, and there is no standby active power to support the grid frequency control. When the wind power penetration rate increases continuou sly, the equivalent time constant of the system decreases, the frequency regulation pressure of the grid increases continuously, and the wind abandonment phenomenon is serious. The traditional control reduces power generation efficiency, speed adjustment r ange and frequent start of pitch angle control. To this end, a frequency adjustment strategy for coordinated control of doubly-fed wind turbines and energy storage devices was proposed. In the stochastic fluctuation of source and load, the power generation efficiency is close to the maximum power tracking mode, which is significantly higher than the overspeed load shedding control mode. At the same time, it also has a primary frequency adjustment capability that is significantly better than the traditional overspeed load shedding control, and does not require a pitch angle adjustment, which is beneficial to extend the life of the pitch system and improve its safety and reliability.

关 键 词：双馈风电机组 频率调节 储能装置 超速减载控制 

分 类 号：TM614[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]