一起医用电子加速器辐射事故分析及救援概况  

Analysis and Rescue Overview of a Medical Electron Accelerator Radiation Accident

作　　者：李小华[1] 王超[1] 任廷伟 杜力婕 王翊年 邓斌浩 李俊 王家豪 Li Xiaohua;Wang Chao;Ren Tingwei;Du Lijie;Wang Yinian;Deng Binhao;Li Jun;Wang Jiahao(School of Nuclear Science and Technology,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学核科学技术学院

出　　处：《核安全》2020年第1期8-31,共24页Nuclear Safety

基　　金：教育部首批“三全育人”综合改革试点项目，项目编号：教思政厅函〔2018〕36号

摘　　要：本文结合2001年波兰比亚韦斯托克肿瘤中心(BOC)医用电子加速器辐射事故及该机构的放射治疗设备概况,对波兰电离辐射安全监管体系进行了介绍,并对辐射事故过程、应急响应、IAEA救援、剂量评估、临床过程、结果和经验教训等方面进行了分析和说明。实践表明,导致向患者输出剂量率比预期高许多倍的原因包括:医疗机构的供电不稳定,NEPTUN10P型医用加速器不符合IEC颁布的最新标准,电子枪灯丝电流限制值设置在较高的水平,束流监测系统故障,二极管故障,安全联锁失效,显示屏剂量率低于实际值。IAEA援助小组的建议与援助、剂量评估以及良好的医疗条件为患者提供了医疗保障。本文可作为辐射事故应急的参考。The overview of radiotherapy equipment in Bialystok Oncology Center and safety supervision of ion⁃izng radiation in Poland were introduced in this paper based on Poland Radiation Accident of Medical Electron Accelerator(PRAMEA)in 2001.And radiation accident process,emergency response,IAEA rescue,dose as⁃sessment,clinical course,result and lessons learned for PRAMEA were analyzed and explained at the same time.Practice shows that reasons for delivering dose rates to patients many times higher than expected include:the power grid of medical institutions is unstable,NEPTUN10P type medical accelerator didn't conform to the latest standards issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC),filament current for the elec⁃tron gun was set at a high level,beam monitoring system failure,diode failure,safety interlock failure,the dis⁃play indicated a dose rate lower than actual value.The IAEA assistance team's advice and assistance,dose as⁃sessment and good medical conditions provide patients with medical care.This paper can be used as a refer⁃ence for radiation accident emergency.

关 键 词：电子加速器 治疗 剂量 IAEA MU 

分 类 号：TL733[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]