光波的光线表征  

Ray Characterization of Optical Waves

作　　者：张书赫[1] 邵梦 王奕[1] 段宇平 周金华[1] Zhang Shuhe;Shao Meng;Wang Yi;Duan Yuping;Zhou Jinhua(School of Biomedical Engineering,Anhui Medical University,Hefei,Anhui 230032,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学生物医学工程学院

出　　处：《激光与光电子学进展》2019年第23期30-52,共23页Laser & Optoelectronics Progress

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金(1908085MA14);安徽省转化医学研究院科研基金(2017zhyx25);安徽医科大学博士科研资助基金(XJ201518)

摘　　要：新型光束的构建及光束的传输性质是光学领域的重要基础。特别是具有无衍射、自加速或自修复等特殊性质的光束,它们在自由空间和光波导中的传输及应用更是人们关注的热点。虽然波动光学已经发展出相当完备且严格的理论体系,可分析波动方程的解及它们在空间中的演化,但是缺乏直观形象的表征。几何光学则以光线的方式提供一种直观易理解的方法,除了广泛应用于光学系统设计之外,同样可应用于光束设计和光束传输。随着现代几何光学的发展,光线的物理意义被进一步拓展,光线表征光波有了更为广泛的应用。运用光线可直观表征光束的无衍射、自修复和自加速等特性。从基本原理出发,对现代几何光学中光线意义的发展过程、应用及研究现状进行了总结,结合基模高斯光束、无衍射光束、Airy光束、具有螺旋相位面的光束及结构高斯光束这些经典的光束例子,展示了运用光线表征及设计光束的思路。最后讨论了几何光学现存的一些问题及今后可能的研究方向。The design of novel light beams and investigation of their propagation properties are important topics in optics,particularly for beams that are nondiffracting,self-accelerating,or self-repairing.The evolution of these beams in either free-space or a waveguide and their applications have attracted a significant amount of research.Although wave optics has been developed as a rigorous and self-consistent framework,it does not offer intuitive processes for solving optical wave propagation.However,geometrical optics,also known as ray optics,can provide an intuitive and understandable method for analyzing light beam propagation and constructing targeted beam shapes in addition to designing optical systems.With the development of modern geometrical optics,rays have extended their physical meaning and are widely used to characterize optical wave propagation. Furthermore,ray characterization can explain nondiffracting,self-accelerating,and self-repairing properties.In this work,beginning with the fundamental theory of geometrical optics,we review the development,applications,and recent advances of significance of ray in modern ray optics.Meanwhile,some typical beams,such as fundamental-mode Gaussian,nondiffraction,and Airy beams,as well as beams with spiral wavefronts and structured Gaussian beams,have been characterized and designed using rays.Lastly,some challenging problems and future research directions of geometrical optics are discussed.

关 键 词：几何光学 光线 光波传输 光束设计 

分 类 号：O435[机械工程—光学工程]