4种常绿杜鹃亚属杜鹃物候观测及播种繁殖研究  

Phenology and Seeding Propagation of 4 Rhododendrons in Lushan Botanical Garden

作　　者：李晓花[1] 李丹丹[1] 王凯红[1] 梁同军[1] 单文[1] 张乐华[1] 刘静 Li Xiaohua;Li Dandan;Wang Kaihong;Liang Tongjun;Shan Wen;Zhang Lehua;Liu Jing(Lushan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences,Jiujiang 332900,China;Lushan observatory,Jiujiang 332900,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院庐山植物园,江西九江332900 [2]庐山气象台,江西九江332900

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2019年第6期6-13,共8页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：国家国际科技合作项目(2014DFA31720);“赣鄱英才555工程”领军人才培养计划项目(无编号);江西省科研院所基础设施配套项目(20151BBA13039);国家科技基础性工作专项(2015 FY210100-7);江西省自然科学基金项目(20181BAB204015)

摘　　要：对栽培在庐山植物园数量较多、观赏价值较高、适应性较强的4种杜鹃开展了为期3 a的研究。以开花期与展叶期物候、花部形态特征、花器官、果实、种子数量性状和种子发芽率及绿苗率为主要指标,绿苗系数为辅助指标,初步揭示了引种驯化杜鹃适应性及可育性特征。结果表明:(1)开花、展叶最早与最晚均分别为短脉杜鹃和耳叶杜鹃;单朵花、一个花序及整株开花持续时间分别为7~9 d,12~19 d及16~24 d;物候发生时间随年度不同而有波动,2016年的开花展叶均比2015年和2017年早些,但物候发生次序和开花期与展叶期规律未见随年份而变化。(2)花朵、子房、果实及叶片大小均呈显著正相关性;果实大小与蒴果平均种子数及种子大小之间均有关联,与种子千粒重无相关性。(3)通过对种子的发芽率、绿苗率和绿苗系数进行比较,绿苗率与发芽率呈正相关,与绿苗系数无显著相关性,三个指标均能不同程度地反映可育性的差异情况。Four species of Rhododendron s were studied for three years,which were cultivated with large amount,higher ornamental value and stronger adaptability in Lushan Botanical Garden.The adaptability and fertility of introduced and domesticated Rhododendron s were preliminarily revealed by phenology of flowering and leafing,floral morphology traits of floral organs,fruits,quantitative characters of seeds,germination rate,green seedling rate as the main index,green seedling coefficient was taken as a secondary index.The results were as follows:(1)The flowerings and the leaf spreading of R.brevinerve and R.auriculatum were the earliest and latest,respectively;The flowering duration of single flower,single inflorescence and whole lant was 7-9 d,12-19 d and 16-24 d,respectively;R.brevinerve and R.auriculatum are also the earliest and the latest;The phenological occurrence time fluctuated with years.The flowering and leaf-spreading in 2016 were earlier than those both in 2015 and 2017,but the phenological occurrence sequence and the law of flowering and leafing did not change with years.(2)There were significant positive correlations among flower,ovary,fruit size and leaf size;The fruit size was correlated with the average seed number and seed size of capsule,but not with the 1000-seed weight.(3)By comparing the germination rate,green seedling rate and green seedling coefficient of seeds,the green seedling rate is positively correlated with the germination rate,but not directly correlated with the green seedling coefficient.

关 键 词：杜鹃 生物学 物候期 形态特征 插播繁殖 

分 类 号：Q945.3[生物学—植物学]