内蒙古查干淖尔湿地夏季鸟类组成和变化趋势  

Composition and Changing Trends of Birds in Summer in the Qagan Nur Wetland of Inner Mongolia

作　　者：陈丽霞[1,2] 付建平[3] 陆军 杨亮亮[2] 丁长青 Chen Lixia;Fu Jianping;Lu Jun;Yang Liangliang;Ding Changqing(School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University ,Beijing 100083;Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration National Bird Banding Center of China Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,CAF Beijing 100091;Beijing Bird Watching Society ,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护区学院,北京100083 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局和草原森林保护重点实验室全国鸟类环志中心,北京100091 [3]北京观鸟会,北京100029

出　　处：《林业科学》2020年第1期145-153,共9页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31600323);国家林业局野生动物疫病监测与预警系统维护项目

摘　　要：【目的】掌握内蒙古查干淖尔湿地夏季鸟类的组成及数量变化趋势以及栖息地类型的变化对鸟类群落组成的影响,为内蒙古查干淖尔湿地及鸟类的保护与管理提供科学依据。【方法】于2009—2014年每年8月份采用线路调查与样点观察法对查干淖尔湖湿地鸟类进行调查统计,并对不同年份鸟类群落的优势度指数,多样性指数、均匀度指数等特征参数进行分析,使用IBM SPSS Statistics、Excel软件以及R语言进行卡方检验、线性回归分析对不同年份鸟类群落特征的差异进行比较,并分析各气象因子与各年间鸟类组成的相关性。【结果】记录到内蒙古查干淖尔湿地夏季鸟类共18目37科171种,其中夏候鸟99种,旅鸟53种,留鸟16种,迷鸟2种,冬候鸟1种;按生态类型划分,涉禽58种,鸣禽50种,游禽41种,猛禽13种,攀禽5种,陆禽4种;国家Ⅰ级重点保护物种2种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护物种23种;列入IUCN红皮书的极危(CR)鸟类有青头潜鸭与白鹤,列入濒危(EN)鸟类有东方白鹳、猎隼和大杓鹬,有7种鸟类被列入易危(VU)物种,10种鸟类被列为近危(NT)物种。列入中美、中澳、中俄、中韩和中日迁徙鸟类名录的鸟类分别有73、44、156、126和92种。6年来,查干淖尔湿地各年间夏季鸟类相似性指数比较高,优势种、常见种和稀有种组成在不同年份有所变化;卡方检验结果显示,不同年份间的物种数、鸟种数量和多样性指数存在显著性差异,鸟类目数与科数逐年显著增加;夏候鸟种数、留鸟种数百分比、相对数量百分比逐年增加;涉禽与游禽的种数与数量有下降趋势,鸣禽的个体相对数量所占百分比明显增加。各气象因子与各年间鸟类组成的相关性分析显示,鸟类科数与最低气温呈显著正相关,多样性指数和均匀度指数与最低气温呈极显著正相关,优势度指数与最低气温呈极显著负相关,夏候鸟种数与最高气温呈显著负相关,【Objective】This study aimed to understand bird composition and quantity change trend in summer,and the effect of habitat changes on bird community composition in order to provide scientific basis for the protection and management of the Qagan Nur wetland of Inner Mongolia in China.【Method】By using line-and point-sampling methods,bird surveys at the Qagan Nur wetland were conducted for six consecutive years in August of each year from 2009 to 2014.The dominance index,the diversity index and the evenness index of the bird communities were analysed with the collected data.The IBM SPSS Statistics,Excel software and R software were used to test the bird community differences for different years with the Chi-square test,and analyse the correlation between meteorological factors and bird composition in each year with the linear regression analysis.【Result】A total of 171 species in 37 families within 18 orders were recorded.Among them,there were 99 species of summer birds,53 species of migrants,16 species of residents,2 species of vagrants and 1 species of winter bird.According to the habitat chosen by these birds,there were 58 species of grallatores,50 species of songbirds,41 species of natatores,13 species of raptors,4 species of terrestores,and 5 species of scansores.According to their endangered status,there were 2 species ranked as key protected first class species in China,and 23 species ranked as key protected second class species in China.Baer’s Pochard(Aythya baeri)and Siberian Crane(Grus leucogeranus)were listed as critically endangered;the Oriental White Stork(Ciconia boyciana),Saker Falcon(Falco cherrug)and Far Eastern Curlew(Numenius madagascariensis)were listed as endangered;There were 7 species listed as vulnerable and 10 species listed as near threatened by IUCN.There were 73,44,156,126,and 92 species listed on the List of Bird Species in accordance with the migratory bird protection agreement between China and America,Australia,Russia,South Korea and Japan,respectively.In the six years,the

关 键 词：夏季鸟类 组成 趋势 查干淖尔湿地 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] S718.63[农业科学—林学]