缓/控释和稳定性肥料技术创新驱动化肥行业科技发展——“新型肥料的研制与高效利用”专刊序言  

Technological innovation of controlled-release and stabilized fertilizers drives the improvement of fertilizer industry in China——Preface for special issue “preparation and efficient use of new types of fertilizers”

作　　者：杨相东[1] 张民[2] YANG Xiang-dong;ZHANG Min(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources/College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081 [2]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室/山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2019年第12期2029-2031,共3页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

摘　　要：化肥主要以磷矿、钾盐和煤等石化原料制备而成,从原料的采集、破碎、筛选,到化学分解与合成,进而形成化肥产品的过程中,汇集了众多技术。依靠这些技术,化肥工业为农业生产提供了充足的养分,为社会发展做出了巨大贡献。建国以来,我国化肥工业从零开始,经过70年的发展,集聚几代人的心血,逐步发展成为全球化肥生产和使用第一大国。我国化肥产业的发展历程就是化肥制备技术与我国国情相结合,不断创新、突破和推陈出新的过程。上世纪50年代,仅有几家以硫酸铵为主的氮肥厂,谈不上化肥工业。60~80年代,着力解决煤气化制备合成气并生产氨气、碳铵和尿素的问题,解决磷矿粉、普钙、磷酸铵的利用问题[1]。与此同时,为了应对缺少化肥的问题,我国农业科研工作者积极研究有机肥、绿肥和微生物菌剂在增加土壤养分方面的作用[2],研究我国氮、磷、钾化肥的肥效演变及其对农业的增产效益[3]。80年代以后,随着基础工业的发展,化肥生产的各项技术飞速发展。到目前,我国化肥产品类型极大丰富,拥有全球先进的化肥制造技术。这一切均得益于肥料科学技术的持续创新和发展,因此,可以说我国肥料科技创新是促进我国肥料工业和农业发展的驱动力。In a bid to improve the quality of manufactured fertilizers and the fertilizer usage efficiency in the country,the central government of China set up programs consecutively for 20 years,which began during the tenth“Five-Year-Plan”.This sustained investment has been driving the rapid development of China’s fertilizer industry,contributing more than 30% of the total increase in the foodstuff and industrial raw material production.In 2016,the government further set a target for gradual reduction in fertilizer usage increase and total stoppage by year 2020 to achieve a sustainable and healthy environment.Realization of this goal largely depends on the scientific and technological innovations.So far,the cost effective and high-quality slow/controlled release and stabilized fertilizers have been studied as one of the key technologies for past decades.During the 13th“Five-Year-Plan”,the research on these new slow/controlled release and stabilized fertilizers specifically made some technological breakthroughs in the knowledge of degradable membrane materials,continuous coating of urea in large-scale,application methods and environmental assessment.However,more work is still needed in this field,especially in the integration of the emerging technologies in coating materials for continuous production and efficiency of slow/controlled release fertilizer,and the user-friendly principles of applying biological inhibitors suitable for different soils,climates and crops.Thus,there is still a long way to go to sustain the development and demand of China’s fertilizer industry.

关 键 词：农业科研工作 化肥工业 肥料工业 化肥产品 增产效益 氮肥厂 行业科技发展 钾化肥 

分 类 号：TQ449.1[化学工程—化学肥料工业]