福建省两种林分类型物种结构特征  

Specie Structure Characteristics of Two Kinds of Forest in Fujian Province

作　　者：叶宝鉴[1,2] 陈永滨 马良[4] 曾钦朦 游水生[1] 陈世品[1] 陈辉[1] YE Bao-jian;CHEN Yong-bin;MA Liang;ZENG Qin-meng;YOU Shui-sheng;CHEN Shi-pin;CHEN Hui(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Journal of Forest and Environment,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering,Fuzhou 350002,China;College of Landscape,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学森林与环境学报,福建福州350002 [3]福建生物工程职业技术学院,福建福州350002 [4]福建农林大学园林学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2020年第1期84-91,共8页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：中国科学院科技服务网络计划资助项目(KEJ-3W-No1);国家自然科学基金项目(31700378);福建省自然科学基金项目(2015J05053)~~

摘　　要：【目的】我国现有许多生态公益林为人工林,生态效益较低,拟通过群落学研究,从物种结构层面提出人工林改造思路,从而提高人工林生态效益。【方法】以福州北山米槠(Castanopsis carlessi)常绿阔叶林(米槠林)和杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林(杉木林)为研究对象,通过设立永久性固定样地,进行群落本底调查,依据物种组成、Jaccard相似系数、木本植物物种及数量的高阶分布特征、群落多样性,阐述了2林分物种结构特征及其差异。【结果】(1)米槠林物种丰富,有维管束植物51科89属115种,杉木林有32科48属54种,双子叶植物所占比例均最大。(2)米槠林各高阶木本植物物种数及灌木株数均高于杉木林,呈倒J型分布,A、B、C高阶分别有4394、839、208株,含72、54、29种木本植物,杉木林A、B、C高阶物种数仅23、13、3种。米槠林群落多样性优于杉木林,尤其在乔木(H=2.86)、灌木层次(H=2.98),表明米槠林物种库较为丰富,结构合理,而杉木林乔木多样性、灌木多样性分别为1.37、2.18,群落多样性相对较低。(3)相似度结果结合群落α多样性,表明两种林分蕨类植物、裸子植物科、属相似系数较高,其科相似系数均为0.5。被子植物相似系数较低,主要体现在灌木和乔木种类相似度较低,这与各植物类型传播方式、种源丰富与否、更新难易程度有关。【结论】米槠林是亚热带地区最适宜的顶级群落之一,所在地区气热条件优越,且保存较为完好,因而具有相当复杂的群落结构及物种多样性,而杉木林在早期抚育管理过程中,排除了大量非目的物种,林分物种结构较为简单。2种林分物种结构差异显著,主要体现在低径阶乔木、灌木,而林分草本层、层间层差异较小。现有人工林改造首要恢复的物种应该是乔木层、灌木层木本植物。[Objective]Over half of ecological forests in China are artificial plantations whose ecological function is relatively low,this study aimed to supply some findings from the species structure to enhance the function of these forests by means of community study.[Method]This study focused on the specie structures of Castanopsis carlessi evergreen broadleaves forest(CCF)and the artificial Cunninghamia lanceolata conifer forest(CLF)in the North Mountain,Fuzhou,Fujian and established permanent quadrats,identified and measured all vascular species in the quadrats.The species structures and their difference between these two forests were compared by the indicators including the species composition,the distribution of tree species and the number at different height classes,the community biodiversity and jaccard similarity index.[Result](1)51 families,89 genus,115 species and 32 families,48 genus,54 species were calculated in the CCF and CLF,respectively,and dicotyledon took the majority part of the species composition.(2)The species at different height classes and the number of shrub were higher,αbiodiversity was more abundant especially at the level of arbor and shrub in CCF than in CLF,which indicated that the species bank was plentiful and the species structure was more reasonable in CCF and the regeneration of SMD was difficult due to lack of motivation.(3)Jaccard similarity index showed that the indices of pteridophyte and gymnosperm were relative high at the level of family(both of them were 0.5)and genus,but the index was relative low for angiosperm,especially regarding to species of shrubs and arbor.[Conclusion]CCF,which has been well protected under environment conditions,is one of the terminal vegetation in the subtropical region.It has really complex species structure and biodiversity,however,CLF has expelled a lot of non-target species during the early management,which results in simple species structure.Though the herb and vine layers do not show much difference,the species structures of CCF and CLF show gre

关 键 词：米槠林 人工林 林分改造 多样性 物种结构 

分 类 号：S718.542[农业科学—林学]