中蜂多层活框蜂箱繁殖力与抗巢虫性研究  

A Study on Reproductive and Wax-Moth Defense Abilities of Honeybees(Apis cerana cerana)in Multiple-layer Hives

作　　者：张含[1,2] 刘一博 孔令华 付贤德 徐欢成 何旭江 ZHANG Han;LIU Yi-bo;KONG Ling-hua;FU Xian-de;XU Huan-cheng;HE Xu-jiang(Honeybee Research Institute,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Shangrao Country Agricultural Bureau of Jiangxi Province,Shangrao,Jiangxi 334100,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省上饶县农业局,江西上饶334100

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2020年第1期157-163,共7页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31702193);江西省重点研发计划项目(20181BBF60019);江西省上饶市科技支撑计划项目(18C012)~~

摘　　要：【目的】中华蜜蜂(简称中蜂)是我国饲养的重要经济昆虫和授粉昆虫。相较于西方蜜蜂较为统一的朗氏标准蜂箱,中蜂的蜂箱种类繁多,仍未形成较为合适的标准蜂箱。本研究评估了一种中蜂多层活框蜂箱对中蜂繁殖性能和抗巢虫性能的影响。【方法】利用温湿度计比较分析了多层活框蜂箱和朗氏标准蜂箱的保温保湿效果,同时比较了两种蜂箱对蜂群繁殖力和抗巢虫性能的影响;最后利用实时荧光定量PCR比较了两种蜂箱饲养的初生工蜂两个抗氧化相关基因的表达。【结果】多层活框蜂箱饲养的蜂群繁殖能力优于朗氏标准箱饲养蜂群,保温和保湿效果均优于朗氏标准箱;多层活框蜂箱的白头蛹数和含巢虫卵的巢房数均显著低于朗氏标准箱,且未测得巢虫成虫。荧光定量PCR结果表明多层活框蜂箱饲养的蜜蜂铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn SOD)基因表达量显著高于朗氏标准箱饲养的蜜蜂。另一个抗氧化相关基因谷胱甘肽硫转移酶4(GST4)则表达差异不显著。【结论】本研究表明多层活框蜂箱比朗氏标准箱更利于中蜂生存与繁殖,并可提高蜂群的抗氧化能力和抗巢虫性能。[Objective]Chinese honeybees Apis cerana cerana is an important economic and pollination insect species in China.The Langstroth standard beehives are widely used for western honeybees Apis mellifera.However,Chinese honeybees have many hive types and there are no standard hives specifically for them.In this study a multiple-layer hive was used,and the reproductive and wax-moth defense abilities of Chinese honeybees reared in this type of hives were measured.[Method]The temperature and humidity inside the multiple-layer hive and Langstroth standard beehive were measured and compared with a hygrothermograph;and the reproductive and wax-moth defense abilities of Chinese honeybees reared in these two types of hives were measured and compared.Eventually,the gene expression of two antioxidative genes in newly emerged workers from these two types of hives were compared.[Result]The results showed that Chinese honeybees kept in this new hive had a better reproductive ability than those reared in Langstroth standard beehives.The multiple-layer hive had a better effect on in-hive temperature and moisture maintaining.Furthermore,multiple-layer-hive colonies had significantly less bold pupae and cells with wax-moth eggs compared to those in Langstroth standard beehives,and no wax moth larvae were detected in the multiple-layer hives.qPCR results revealed that newly emerged worker bees from the multiple-layer hives had significantly higher expression of Cu-Zn SOD gene than that of Langstroth standard beehive group,while another gene GST4 was not significantly differentially expressed between the two groups.[Conclusion]This study indicates that the multiple-layer hive is better for China honeybee survival and reproduction,and can increase China honeybees’oxidation resistance and waxmoth defense ability,compared to the Langstroth standard beehive.

关 键 词：中华蜜蜂 多层活框蜂箱 繁殖力 温湿度 抗巢虫性能 抗氧化 

分 类 号：S893.2[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养] S894.4[农业科学—畜牧兽医]