电站尾水渠内鱼道进口位置布局  

Arrangement of fishway entrance in power station tailrace channel

作　　者：李广宁[1] 孙双科[1] 郄志红[2] 郭子琪 柳海涛[1] 郑铁刚[1] 孙娟娟 Li Guangning;Sun Shuangke;Qie Zhihong;Guo Ziqi;Liu Haitao;Zheng Tiegang;Sun Juanjuan(State Key Laboratory of Simulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;College of Urban and Rural Construction,and Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China;Hubei Provincial Water Resource and Hydropower Planning Survey and Design Institute,Wuhan 430064,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]河北农业大学城乡建设学院,保定071001 [3]湖北省水利水电规划勘测设计院,武汉430064

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第24期81-89,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51709278,51679261);国家重点实验室团队重点项目(SKL2018ZY08);中国水科院青年研究专项(HY0145B162019,HY0145B152018)

摘　　要：电站尾水渠是上溯鱼类较为理想的聚集场所,利用电站尾水渠合理布置鱼道进口,是目前大中型河流鱼道建设中的研究热点之一。该文通过数值模拟,结合鱼类游泳能力,对利用电站尾水诱鱼的鱼道进口布置进行研究。结果表明:机组运行方式、鱼道进口位置与出流方向均对鱼道进口诱鱼水流产生较大影响。机组运行方式决定了尾水渠内主流的位置,并在主流两侧形成多个回流区。回流区水流的旋转方向和位置对鱼道进口诱鱼水流的影响较大,鱼道进口的诱鱼水流动量较小,其出流方向应与回流区水流方向一致,并可根据电站运行方式,设置多个鱼道进口。主流与回流区之间的过渡区域是布置鱼道进口的重点区域。该研究结果可为优化改进大中型河流鱼道进口设计提供重要参考。In large and middle rivers, the scale of the fish way entrance is relatively small, and the design discharge is really low, which often leads to insufficient momentum of the attraction flow, and induce poor attraction effect. In practice, tailrace channel of power station is an ideal gathering place for the migration fish. Therefore, how to reasonable arrange the fishway entrance in tailrace channel is one of the key problems in fishway construction in nowadays. Although, there are some basic principles for the fishway entrance layout, but they are not enough to apply because of the complexity of flow field structure in the tailrace channel. The present research results are still not effectively to guide the specific layout of the fishway entrance in the tailrace channel. In this paper, numerical simulations are used to study the flow field for the arrangement of fishway entrance in the tailrace channel, and to evaluate the connectivity of the migration corridor to downstream river. First of all, a physical model experiment is carried out to verify the numerical model, the maximum error of the flow velocity is 0.03 m/s and the maximum error of the water surface line is less than 5 mm. Then, the numerical simulation is used to analyze the fishway entrance arrangement in the tailrace of a power station, based on the typical three-dimensional flow structure and the swimming ability of the fish. The results showed that the water flow produced by the power station unit has great momentum, and a passage which is suitable for fish migration is formed between the tail water channel and the river. The inducing fish flow is greatly influenced by the operation mode of the unit, the location of the fish inlet and the outlet direction. The operation mode of the power station not only determines the location of the main stream in the tailrace, but also forms several recirculation zones on both sides of the main stream. The flow rotation direction and position in recirculation zones have great influence on the inducing fish flo

关 键 词：鱼道 流场 数值模拟 尾水渠 诱鱼水流 出流方向 机组运行方式 

分 类 号：S956[农业科学—水产养殖]