硼泥对猪粪厌氧发酵重金属铬及其光谱特性的影响  

Effects of boron mud on anaerobic fermentation of heavy metal chromium and its spectral characteristics in pig manure

作　　者：李轶[1] 宫兴隆 于嘉琪[1] 郭敬阳 曲壮壮 张镇[1] 易维明[2] Li Yi;Gong Xinglong;Yu Jiaqi;Guo Jingyang;Qu Zhuangzhuang;Zhang Zhen;Yi Weiming(School of Engineering,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110866 [2]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博255049

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第24期255-261,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：辽宁省自然基金面上项目(20170540813);沈阳市科技局课题(18-013-0-86)

摘　　要：随着含有重金属添加剂饲料的使用,规模化养殖场畜禽粪便中重金属含量增加。为减少重金属的危害,该文以猪粪为发酵原料,重金属Cr为研究对象,硼泥为钝化剂,在接种物量为30%、TS为10%、温度为35℃、pH值为7的条件下进行40 d厌氧发酵试验。研究添加2.5%、5.0%、7.5%3种比例的硼泥对猪粪厌氧发酵中重金属Cr的形态变化、有效态钝化效果及发酵前后沼渣光谱特征的影响,采用BCR连续提取法(European community bureau of reference sequential extraction)分析重金属Cr的形态变化,采用傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, FTIR)对物料光谱特征的变化进行研究。结果表明:猪粪厌氧发酵过程中添加硼泥有利于重金属Cr从有效态转化为稳定态,当添加7.5%硼泥处理时有效态Cr转化为稳定态Cr的效果较好;猪粪在厌氧发酵过程中添加硼泥能提高重金属Cr的钝化效果,且随着硼泥添加量的增加,钝化效果越好;通过显著性分析,添加7.5%硼泥处理时钝化效果较好,达到63.79%,显著优于猪粪单独发酵和添加2.5%与5.0%硼泥的处理(P<0.05);FTIR显示厌氧发酵后,沼渣中酰胺化合物、碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪族化合物等有机物分解减少,芳香族等腐殖质增加,且添加7.5%硼泥时有机物腐殖化程度最好。因此猪粪在厌氧发酵过程中添加适量硼泥,可以降低沼渣中重金属Cr的生物有效性,促进有机物转化为腐殖质,研究结果可为减少猪粪中重金属的有效性和提高厌氧发酵质量提供参考。In recent years, with the development of Chinese animal husbandry, some heavy metals have been added to animal feed to speed up the growth of livestock and poultry and prevent diseases. But most heavy metals can not be absorbed and digested, resulting in increasingly serious pollution problems of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure, which seriously affects the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure. Anaerobic fermentation is an effective approach to deal with manure pollution. In this paper, using pig manure as the processing object, the heavy metals Cr as the research object, by adding different amounts of boron mud(boron content is 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% of dry matter content) The anaerobic fermentation period is 60 days, fermentation temperature is of 35℃, inoculum quantity is of 30% fermentation raw material, total solid is of 10% and p H value is of 7. The speciation analysis of heavy metal Cr are analyzed by BCR sequential extraction and the spectral characteristics of biogas residue before and after anaerobic fermentation are studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), effects of different amount of boron on morphological changes, effective passivation effect and spectral characteristics before and after anaerobic fermentation residue. The aim of this study is to provide a scientific basis for the treatment of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure. Through the above experimental research, the following main conclusions are drawn: 1) After the end of anaerobic fermentation, the effective content of heavy metal Cr in each treatment decreased. The effective state of heavy metal Cr decreased by 6.06 percentage points in pig manure alone, and the effective content of heavy metal Cr in pig manure added boron decreased by 11.33 percentage points, 13.40 percentage points and 14.98 percentage points, respectively. It is indicated that the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure and boron is beneficial to convert the heavy metal Cr from the effective state to the stable state. With

关 键 词：粪 厌氧发酵 重金属 硼泥 钝化 光谱分析 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]