“除末”以“上农”:从猎人到农夫的农政学  

Inclusion by Exclusion:The Agrarian Research Hypothesis about the Transition from Hunter to Farmer

作　　者：郑鹏 ZHENG Peng

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学社会学系

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第1期66-79,共14页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

基　　金：湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(19B571);湘潭大学博士科研启动项目(2019XJ011)的中期成果

摘　　要：中西方经验中的"反本"与"反谷"的史实及考古报告显示,人们并非自愿为农。因此,文章重构了农业起源的问题,将农业与采集渔猎作为两种竞争性生产模式。问题的核心在于农业是在什么条件下形成的,而这些条件是谁推动创建的,它产生了什么样的后果。循此,文章提出要把国家带回农业变迁过程之中,而不是在进化论框限下考察技术性农业发明的线性累计过程。资源汲取效率与治理术效应,构成了国家介入农业变迁的双重必要性。中国经验为理解国家干预农业变迁的方式,提供了一种制度性机制,即所谓"除末"以"上农"的农政学假设。它运作机理是"排除性纳入"的事本逻辑,"山川林泽之禁"是它的制度装置。The historical facts and archaeological reports of“anti-agriculture”and“anti-grain”in Chinese and Western experience show that people are not willing to work for agriculture.Therefore,this paper reconstructs the origin of agriculture and regards agriculture and Hunter-gatherer as two competitive livelihoods models.The core of the problem lies in the conditions under which agriculture was formed,and who promoted the creation of these conditions,and what consequences it produced.Then,this paper proposes to bring the country back to the process of agrarian change,instead of investigating the linear cumulative process of technological agricultural inventions under the framework of evolutionary theory.The efficiency of resource acquisition and the effect of governmentality constitute the dual necessity for the state to intervene in agricultural changes.Chinas experience provides an institutional mechanism for understanding the way the state intervenes in agricultural change.That is to say,the so-called“eliminating the end livelihoods”is based on the agronomy hypothesis of“stressing agriculture”.Its operation mechanism is the logic of“Inclusion by exclusion”and“Prohibition of mountains and rivers swamp”is its institutional device.

关 键 词：反本 农政 排除性纳入 山川林泽之禁 

分 类 号：F320[经济管理—产业经济] D035[政治法律—政治学]